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1) Where is the turning point in the discussion about justice, and how does Socrates redirect the discussion? More specifically, where does the discussion turn from Glaucon and Adeimantus provoking Socrates with stories and examples that seem to support the troubling view that injustice is favored, or even preferable to, justice to a new approach to the problem of understanding justice?
2) What is Socrates’s new approach, and why does he recommend it? In your explanation, be sure to clearly explain how Socrates uses the metaphor of limitations on eyesight to move the discussion toward focus on the city?
3) Why does Socrates think that examining the city can help the discussion of justice?
Study questions for Book IV:
(One clear use of the three class division occurs in the discussion of the virtues of the ideal city that takes place on pages 8-14. It is in this section Socrates and his interlocutor come to a conclusion about the nature of justice. See pages 15-23 for discussion of the structure of the soul.)
4) What are the three classes in the ideal city? (Class division is first introduced in Bk. II, with the distinction between producers, i.e., people who make products and provide services, and guardians. By Bk. IV, the guardian group has itself been split in two. Be sure your answer takes this distinction into account.)
5) How does understanding of the three classes lead to understanding of justice in the city?
Sample Solution
