Read these empirical questions and identify the independent and dependent variables in each one.

  1. Which is the best treatment method for individuals with autism: Behavioral therapy, drug treatment,

psychoanalysis, or no treatment (control condition)?

  1. Will eating breakfast improve a student’s academic performance?
  2. Would individuals be more likely to remember information that they have read from an e-book or a hard

copy of the text?

  1. Which studying method—cramming for hours in one study session or spaced-out study sessions—leads

to better performance on exams?

  1. Does providing candy to students who answer questions during class increase the number of students

who participate in class?

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