The international financial markets are the most important drivers of economic activity in light of the increased inflows of funds across national boundaries, which in turn raises the awareness of governments, societies, firms, and individuals to maximize advantages presented to them by economic integration ( a term now known as globalization). Globalization also poses real risks as decision-makers in governments and businesses have to deal with an ever-more complex economic environment.
Furthermore, more complete and liquid international financial markets, including both debt and equity markets are allowing investors, savers, producers, and traders to better manage the risks related to interest rate or cost of borrowing as well as the associated movements in the exchange rate of the currencies being borrowed or lent.
In this context, many governments in the world, including the GCC governments, have already started to borrow from the international markets by issuing bonds to finance, for example, their infrastructure projects, or to implement projects, which help in diversifying their economies, etc. There are many alternatives available for these governments to borrow. Given this background, please answer the following questions:
– Describe the main alternative sources of financing available to the GCC governments to finance their projects? Should they borrow domestically or internationally? What are the main drivers that affect their choice for global markets?
– What are the main factors that affect their borrowings? In other words, do you think the economic, cultural, legal and demographic facts are the sole factors that shape the decision- making process?
– Analyze and show how each of the factors raised in the previous question will affect government financing decisions.
– Based on your analysis for the factors that affect borrowing from the international markets, do you find the globalization of financial markets has played great impact on the undertaken decision in the context of GCC countries case?
Sample Solution
Hitting the nail on the head: An examination of Timing and Language in Hamlet and Sure Thing This paper investigates how dialect is utilized to uncover the covered up inward musings and sentiments of characters, and how timing can have a urgent impact in the depiction of emotional characters to the crowd. The business locales how, in Shakespeare's Hamlet, dialect depicts the progressive working through of Hamlet's musings, towards his definitive desire of reprisal, and interestingly, how dialect is vital in building up the underlying and basic association among Bill and Betty in David Ives' one-Act play, Sure Thing. Beyond any doubt Thing presents an arrangement of exchanges between a youthful couple becoming acquainted with each other in a café. The ringing of a ringer interferes with their progressive endeavors at a similar discussion. Meaning 'time out' when one says something unsuccessful, when, in common conditions, their discussion may have finished: BILL. This is my first night out alone in quite a while. I feel a tad adrift, to disclose to you reality. BETTY. So you didn't stop to talk since you're a Moonie, or in light of the fact that you have some unusual political connection - ? BILL. Probably not. Straight-down-the-ticket Republican. (Chime). Straight-down-the-ticket Democrat. (Chime.) Can I reveal to you something about legislative issues? (Ringer.) I get a kick out of the chance to consider myself a national of the universe. (Chime.) I'm unaffiliated. BETTY. That is a consolation. So am I. (Ives, 1994, p.20). In this play, in contrast to the turbulent advancement of Hamlet, limits are no great – it is the center ground that the two characters look to occupy, where protected and solid answers will anchor their trust in each other as a potential accomplice. Ives' utilization of dialect is clever and particular quickly addressing subjects that give the group of onlookers a thought of the identity and tastes of the characters, while hacking up the pace to keep their consideration. Interestingly, Hamlet tries to investigate the furthest points of human character and the limits among rational soundness and craziness, and profound quality and unethical behavior. For instance, when Hamlet's reality is abruptly turned upon its head after the homicide of his dad, Shakespeare utilizes illustration to express the unfavorable and agitated emotions which Hamlet encounters: I have generally (yet whereof I know not) lost all my jollity, renounced all custom of activities; and, in fact, it runs so vigorously with my air this goodly edge, the earth, appears to me a sterile projection; this most phenomenal shade, the air, look you, this courageous overhanging atmosphere, this majestical rooftop fussed with brilliant fire, why, it appeareth no other thing to me than a foul and pestilent assemblage of vapors! (Village, II. I. Found in Geddes and Grossett, 2006, P.386). Villa's vision of the world is contrasted with a structure – the 'outline' of the earth, and the 'shade' of the sky. The similitude is reached out into the accompanying lines, where the wonders of the common world are attributed with human qualities, for example, 'bold' and 'majestical.' Shakespeare's utilization of scene as representation is pivotal here as it stresses the flipping around of Hamlet's reality – the possibility that all that he knew and trusted to remain – has all of a sudden changed into the most exceedingly terrible, most extraordinary, situation possible. For Shakespeare, it is the progressive unfurling of Hamlet's character, which drives the play forward and makes the group of onlookers question social and individual qualities. As faultfinder W. Thomas MacCary remarks on Hamlet, the advancement of the plot is controlled by the improvement of Hamlet's character. Besides, Hamlet as a character must 'uncover what is covered up, [… .] so the plot of Hamlet is a continuous disclosure of what is spoiled in the territory of Denmark.' (MacCary, 1998, p.65): The time is out of joint: O reviled demonstrate hatred for, That ever I was destined to set it right! (Villa, I.v. 188-19. Found in Geddes and Grosset, 2006, p.384). Villa's scandalous postponement is vital for him, and the gathering of people, to have sufficient energy to acclimatize and make an educated judgment on the occasions that have gone, before continuing to the following period of emotional power. Shakespeare utilizes monologues to depict to the gathering of people what is close to home to Hamlet. This procedure serves not exclusively to confine the character, along these lines concentrating consideration on him, yet in addition empowers correlations and reflection with respect to the gathering of people to their own lives, and the nation of Denmark. Interestingly, the power of Ives' discourse among Bill and Betty presents a short, sudden understanding into the cumbersomeness and insouciance of a contemporary youthful couple, meeting out of the blue, while giving a clever and intriguing social critique. As this is a play with few props, the consideration is centered around the couple; undoubtedly, Bill's craving to pick up Betty's consideration and secure her organization is anticipated onto the server, whose approaching landing in the finish of the discourse means the end of the scene. The way that the server never arrives – and in this manner neglects to intrude on the course of their discussion – separates the cumbersomeness and potential incongruity of contemporary social measures: discussion is regularly shocked, lost, and wrongly coordinated: BILL. (Glances around.) Well the servers here beyond any doubt appear to be in some unique time zone. I can't find one anyplace… .Waiter! (He thinks back.) So what do you – (He sees that she's returned to her book.) BETTY. I ask exonerate? BILL. Nothing. Too bad. (Chime.) (Ives, 1994, p.17). This motivates the group of onlookers to consider the possibility that albeit two genuinely comparative individuals are talking in an open gathering place, with nothing to intrude on them, regardless they can't take care of business. The characters make references to 'various calendars,' 'missed associations,' and the term 'distinctive time zone' is first made reference to by Bill, and afterward rehashed by Betty. This is suggestive of Ives' goal to present to the group of onlookers that in the 21st century, in spite of the nearness of complex methods for correspondence, the basic demonstration of making oneself known to another remaining parts tricky. To finish up, this exposition has demonstrated that planning is critical in both the plays, not just in the depiction of the character to the group of onlookers, yet additionally in the congruity of each play all in all. Specific and clever utilization of dialect in both plays reminds the group of onlookers that they are watching an envisioned situation as well as a clashing satire of the general public of which they themselves are a section.>
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