Part I) 4 points each
1 – Nezami developed the simple story of “ Layli ( Leyla) and Majnoon”, (originally an Arabic tribal story), and made it as a Persian Courtly Love story ( Romance). Briefly mention his endeavors:
2- The poetry of Tahereh and Fourugh Farokhzad’ could be read as two feminine voices in Persian Literature, However, their literary works represent the feminine voice in two different ways. Briefly explain such a difference in terms of different historical contexts of their works.
3- Briefly analyze the below lines from Forugh Farokhzad’s poem “Another Birth”. What does the word “ curtain” as a metaphor implies in this autobiographical poem as a poetic famine voice:
…..
this is my lot
this is my lot
my lot is
a sky which is taken away
at the drop of a curtain
my lot is going down a flight of disused stairs
a regain something amid
putrefaction and nostalgia
my lot is a sad promenade in
the garden of memories
and dying in the grief of
a voice which tells me
I love
your hands.

4- Explain what the metaphor of “Wound” implies in Sadegh Hedayat’s novel: The Blind Owl (What does this metaphor conveys in regard to the time and life of the author? ):
• “There are certain sores ( WOUND ) in life that, like a canker, gnaw at the soul in solitude and diminish it…”

5- Comparing Shamloo’s poem (I was not born yesterday) with Sepehry’s ( The Water’s footsteps) , write briefly on how the two modern poets have treated the Iranian national ( and religious) identity in their works:

6- Explain the significance of the deploying print technology in the formation of Modern literature in Iran (The effects of the printing in the language and form of the literary works):

7- The Poetic endeavor of Nima was not simply an Innovation. Rather, it should be read as a literary Invention. Elaborate on this :

8 ) “ Make it New!” – Ezra Pound on the Modernism
Modernism defines itself against the “tradition” in terms of three main new approaches. briefly elaborate on this:

9) Both Abbas Milani and Susan Stanford argue against the Eurocentric concept of Modernity ( modernism). Briefly apply their main points in this regard to explain the Iranian modernity( Modernism)

10 Golshiri’s story “ The Victory Chronicle of the Magi” concluded as below…
“…And drunk, we put our heads and faces on the ground, on the cold, dew-covered dirt, our ancestral earth, and we waited. “
Mention briefly the the cultural/political implications (meanings ) of these words from the final episode of the short story:

PART II 10 points
1- Write a short literary analysis on Hedayat’s short story, The Stray Dog applying Milani’s essay on Hedayat’s tragic view.
Explain its social setting, its cultural implications, its main theme… ( about 200 words). You may also refer to S. Stanford’s essay or other sources of your own choice ( 200 words)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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