In the sense of UK Corporations/businesses Critically Evaluate and Analyse below:
1. Brief understanding of Tax avoidance and Tax evasion (in regard to CSR, Corporate Governance, Business ethics)
• Briefly emphasise tax avoidance and tax evasion as major issue and explain what principles or strategies each specifically uses in respect to the UK corporations that affect CSR, Corporate Governance, business ethics and corporate failure.
• How they are used and why they are affected to UK businesses?
2. Critically Compare (Similarity) 2 Main Specific Current issues in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion (in regard to CSR, Corporate Governance, Business ethics and Corporate failure)
• Critically Compare 2 Main Specific Current issues with examples fully explained that affects both tax avoidance and tax evasion.
3. Critically Contrast (Difference) 2 Main Specific Current issues in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion (in regard to CSR, Corporate Governance, Business ethics and Corporate failure)
• You need to critically contrast 2 Main Specific Current issues that can be differed in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion along with examples fully explained.
4. For and Against Arguments of tax avoidance and evasion from Journal Articles (in regard to CSR, Corporate Governance, Business ethics and Corporate failure)
• Research from the journal articles For and Against arguments of unethical business practice and corporate governance in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion as a major issue concerning UK businesses, Society and etc.
• Explain what the previous writers or researchers have said on this issue considering their for and against arguments importantly
5. Explain A Real Case of a company who were majorly impacted or influenced by tax avoidance and tax evasion (in regard to CSR, Corporate Governance, Business ethics and Corporate failure)
• Which UK company or companies were impacted majorly and suffered a huge loss. Explain How and why?
• What they did and what consequences they faced of such major issue of tax avoidance and tax evasion?
6. Regulatory Framework (UK ONLY)
• Emphasise what UK regulations and its provisions are and have said about tax avoidance and tax evasion issue in respect to UK corporations
• Explain what are the consequences of such regulations and provisions on to the businesses and its corporate governance?
• Explain how those regulations and provisions help businesses and government to track in the event of tax avoidance and tax evasion issue?
7. Implications and Challenges
• What challenges does the businesses, government and society still facing in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion issue?
• What are the limitations of such regulations provisions effects in respect to tax avoidance and tax evasion?
Sample Solution
Lasting one-sided and respective assymetrical sensorineural hearing misfortune: Clinical, vestibular, audiological and radiological assessment. Dynamic The point of this examination was to assess the clinical, vestibular, audiological and radiological highlights of patients with perpetual one-sided and assymetrical sensoneural hearing misfortune (SNHL). Material and techniques: Twenty eight patients with either perpetual one-sided and uneven reciprocal SNHL,diagonosed by methods for unadulterated tone audiometry(PTA) have been submitted to clinical,vestibular, audiological and radiological assessment. Results: Total twenty eight patients with male :female proportion of 2.11 were examined. 22 (78.57%)patients had one-sided and 6(21.43%)patients had respective uneven SNHL.Right :left proportion in instances of one-sided SNHLwas 0.83:1. Both tinnitus and vertigo was available in 12(42.95%)patients and missing in 10 (35.8%)patients.On otoscopy tympanic layer was in place in all cases.PTA indicated significant misfortune in dominant part of cases.Tone rot was done in11 patients and was typical in all cases.Cold calorie was done in 27 patients and was truant in 7(25.9%)patients ,hypoactive in 8(29.6%)patients.MRI investigation was done in 9 patients.Out of 9,7 were ordinary and rest two demonstrated positive discoveries. Conclusion: Proper clinical, vestibular and audiological work up is imperative before radiological examination is looked to increment diagonostic yield and cost adequacy in one-sided, reciprocal (asymmetrical)SNHL. Presentation Despite the fact that an ordinarily experienced finding by otolaryngolist, one-sided SNHL speaks to a troublesome clinical element for the master. While the finding is effectively acquired by PTA, diagonosis of cause and treatment speaks to the multifaceted nature of this clinical circumstance. Additionally confounding work up is the evergrowing taken a toll for research center and radiological studies(1).Reiss M (1994) did contemplate for differential finding of one-sided hearing loss(2).Hendrix RA(1990) completed examination on hilter kilter sensoneural hearing loss.(3).Asymetrical hearing misfortune is the distinction of in excess of 10 db found the middle value of over the frequencies 0.5,1,2 and 4Khz or 20 db or more at any single frequency(4).A late investigation has proposed a manage 3000 where in asymmetry of 15 db or more at 3000Hz require a MRI. On the off chance that under 15 db, a semiannual audiometric take after – up is sufficient(13).In display consider, we introduce clinical, vestibular ,audiological and radiological highlights of patients with either perpetual one-sided SNHL or hilter kilter hearing misfortune. MATERIAL AND METHODS This imminent examination was led in the division of Otorhinolaryngology,government medicinal college,Srinagar,Kashmir on 28 patients, comprising both pediatric and grown-up patients from December 2013 to May 2014. Subsequent to assuming history about hearing misfortune and related side effects, otoscopy and PTA, patients were subjected to audiological and vestibular assessment. Radiological investigation(MRI) was done in chosen gathering of patients due to monetary and different reasons. Sex conveyance, laterality, audiological, vestibular and radiological discoveries are introduced in tables1-6. RESULTS A sum of 28 patients were incorporated into exhibit examine. Out of 28 patients,19 were guys and 9 were females with male to female proportion of 2.11.(table 1).Involvement of left ear was more typical than right and 6 patients (21.42%) had two-sided deviated loss(table2).Vertigo and tinnitus was related side effects in 12 patients(42.95) and 10patients(35.8%) gave hearing without related symptoms(table3).Tone rot test was ordinary in all tried patients.(table4).Cold calorie test was hypo-dynamic in 8 patients(29.6%) and truant in 7 patients(25.9%)(table5).Radiological discoveries were typical in 7 out of 9 patients(table6). DISSCUSSION We depict 28 patients of one-sided and topsy-turvy SNHL which were clinically ,audiologically and radiologically assessed. Male dominance was seen in the present investigation which is steady to other study.(5). In considers by Cadoni G etal(2005) and Stefano Berrettini(2013), both have female dominance which is as opposed to display study(6,7). In show study,left ear was more influenced when contrasted with right which is in consistant to think about done by Stefano Berrettini(2013).(7). In our investigation tinnitus is available in 14 patients(50.09%) and vertigo is available in 16 patients(59.3%). Concentrate done by Stefano Berrettini indicated tinnitus was available in 87% and vertigo in 44% cases(7). In show consider, Tone rot test(TDT) was done in 11 patients.TDT was not done inpatients having significant SNHL. In all patients in which TDT was done ,comes about were typical. P.L.Bhatia (1969) etal in his examination utilized TDT for diagonosis of retro cochlear pathology(8). It helps in diagonosing neural injuries very accurately(9). In our examination vestibular capacity test (frosty calorie test) was done in all patients with the exception of one.CCT was absent(no reaction) in 7 patients(25.9%) and hypoactive in 8 patients(29.6%).Stafano Berrettini etal utilized calorie incitement test in his study(7). In spite of the fact that the discoveries of diminished vestibular capacity on calorie testing in ipsilateral side to a SNHL generally has been usefull in recommending the diagonosis of vestibular schwannoma. Be that as it may, at display ,it isn't sufficiently touchy tobe supportive diagonostically for vestibular schwannoma on the grounds that a little substandard vestibular nerve schwannoma won't not cause a strange calorie response(10).Hypoactivity of the influenced side is seen in meineres disease(11). In introduce study,patients having hypoactive calorie test or truant calorie test or in whom tone rot test wasn't possible because of significant hearing misfortune were subjected to radiological investigation(MRI).One tolerant on MRI indicated small scale hemorrhages in left peritrigonal zone and other patient on MRI demonstrated vestibular schwannoma.MRI is currently the prescribed examination for diagonosis of retrocochlear pathology.(2,12).MRI checking with Gagolinium will distinguish for all intents and purposes all tumors and was thought to be gold standard(14).Recently T2-weighted quick turn reverberate MRI has been observed to be delicate and more affordable than gadolinium improved standard MRI(15). CONCLUSION Clinical ,audiological and vestibular testing is vital in diagonostic workup of one-sided and hilter kilter hearing before radiological examination is done to diminish financial weight and to increment diagonostic yield from unequivocal radiological examinations. REFERENCES 1.Jacques Peltier.Grand rounds presentation,UTMB,Dept. of Otolaryngology Nov10,2004. 2.Reiss M,Reiss G. Differential diagonosis of one-sided hearing loss.Praxis .2000.Feb 3;89(6):241-247. 3.Hendrix R A,De Dio RM,Scalajani AP.The utilization of diagonostic testing in hilter kilter SNHL. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery.1990 oct;103(4):593-8. 4. David M Baguley.Age – related SNHL.Chapter238 a.Scott Browns vol 3 seventh Edition. 5.Prognostic components of sudden SNHL in diabetic patients.Diabetes mind October 2004 vol.27 no10 2560-1. 6.Cadoni G etal.Sudden SNHL:Our involvement in diagonosis, treatment and outcome.J.Otolaryngol.2005 Dec;34(6):395-401. 7.Stefano B.etal.Analysis of 3-D(FLAIR) succession in Idiopathic SSNHL.JAMA Otolaryngol head and neck surgery vol 139(no.5)May 2013. 8.P.L.Bhatia.A Sinha. Tone rot test: A straightforward and solid audiological test.Laryngoscope vol79 issue 11 page no 1879-90.Nov 1969. 9.Anirban Biswass.Tone rot test. Clinical and vestibulometry.Fourth Edition. 10. Glasscock-Shambauugh.Surgery of the ear.Chapter 32.Fifth Edition. 11.Abir K Bhattacharya, Jabin thaj. Examination convention for SNHL. Otorhinolaryngology Clinics: A worldwide Journal,may-aug 2010;2(2):107-112 12.Mahillon V. Diagonostic administration of one-sided SNHL in adults.Rev med Brux 2003 Feb;24(1) :15-19 13.Saliba I, Martineau G,Chagnon M.Asymmetric hearing misfortune: Rule 3000 for screening vestibular schwannoma. Otol Neurotol 2009 jun; 30(4) :515-521 14.Fergusion etal. Effectiveness of tests used to screen cp edge tumors: An imminent study.Br J Audiol 1996,jun :30(30):159-76 15. Shelton C. etal. Quick turn resound MRI: Clinical application in screening for acoustic neuroma. Otolaryngol Head neck surgery 1996:114(1):71-76 SEX NO. OF PATIENTS % Male 19 67.85% Female 9 32.15% Table1: Sex conveyance of patients (n=28) Laterality No. of Patients % Right 10 35.7% Cleared out 12 42.8% Respective (Asymmetrical) 6 21.5% Table 2: Laterality of included ear of patients (n=28) Related side effects NO. OF PATIENTS % vertigo 4 14.2% Tinnitus 2 7.1% Both Present 12 42.9% Both Absent 10 35.8% Table 3: Associated manifestations with hearing misfortune (n=28) RESULT NO. OF PATIENTS % Ordinary 11 100% Strange 0 0% Table 4: Tone rot trial of patients (n=11) Reaction NO. OF PATIENTS % Ordinary 12 44.5% Absent(no reaction) 7 25.9% Hypoactive 8 29.6% Table 5: Cold Calorie trial of patients (n=27) Discoveries NO. OF PATIENTS (%) Ordinary 7(77.8)% Positive Microhaemorrhage 1(11.1)% Vestibular Schwanoma 1(11.1)% Table 6: Radiological (MRI) discoveries of patients (n=9)>
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