Define—then compare and contrast—line item budgeting, performance budgeting, planning programming budgeting (PPB), incremental budgeting, and zero base budgeting (ZBB). What are the features, advantages, and disadvantages of each? Which do you think should be used today? Defend your answer. In a second paragraph, explain the connection between budgeting and the types of federalism (dual federalism, cooperative federalism, creative federalism, and new federalism). Which model is commonly used today and what purpose do bureaucrats have in administering the public’s will through stewardship of public funds? How does your world view influence your perspective?
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