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The first half of the paper providing a summary of the reading

  • A summary provides an overview of the key points. You cannot mention
    everything the author says within the space you have been provided…don’t try.
    Provide only the central points of the reading/readings
  • Summaries, like outlines, should be objective. Make no references to yourself. In
    a summary your opinion doesn’t matter; later, when you analyze and evaluate an
    argument, you can state your opinion and support it.
  • A summary is not an abridged copy of the reading…a summary provides some
    structure for the reader (ex. The author has three main points; the reading
    provides various interpretations on the notion of justice)

The second half providing analysis of the reading.

  • This will most likely be an exploration of the key points that you have already
    mentioned. This can take a variety of forms. You can explain a flaw in the
    author’s logic. You can apply these key points to a case/situation from another
    class. Or, you can argue (with support) why you think the authors point is helpful
    or inadequate.
  • Writing this part of the paper involves more than simply stating your opinions.
    You must support your views by presenting arguments in favor of them. You
    should also try to defend your views against potential criticisms. In developing
    your position on an issue, keep in mind what an intelligent opponent would say
    in response.

Finally, two or three discussion questions should complete the paper.

  • There should be three questions that would lead the class in a good discussion
    surrounding a key theme from the readings. Yes and no questions are not
    adequate. It should also be clear how the question relates to the text.

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