Outcomes
•   Explain the relationship between taxonomy and cladistics.
•   Interpret cladograms.
•    Define characters and list character states.
•   Construct a data matrix based on morphological characters.
•    Distinguish between monophyletic, polyphyletic, and
paraphyletic groups.
•    Calculate the tree length and consistency index and use these
parameters to identify the most parsimonious cladogram.

Sample Solution

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