One day Dr. Gus Formaggio is visited during his office hours by Brie, one of the students in his graduate ethics
course. Dr. Formaggio hopes that Brie has come to talk about the course because she’s not been doing very
well. She seems to get the material, but is not very thoughtful about it. This surprises Dr. Formaggio because
Brie is older than most graduate students and has been working as a counselor for several years. But Brie
does not want to talk about the course. Rather, she asks Dr. Formaggio if he would be willing to come to the
mental health facility in which she works and give a presentation on ethics for their staff. “My husband is the
training director,” she says, “and I told him about you. The center could pay you $500 for a half-day workshop.”
Dr. Formaggio has done many workshops, but something about the situation strikes him as not quite right. “Let
me think about it,” he tells Brie. Dr. Formaggio considers the situation: He would actually be working for the
mental health center, not for Brie, so there’s not really a dual relationship. Right? He would be receiving his
usual consulting fee so there would be no reason to feel indebted to Brie, which might influence his judgment
about her performance in the course. At the same time, he doesn’t really know how Brie is thinking about this.
Does she think this is a way to have Dr. Formaggio see her as more interested in ethical issues or in some
other positive light? He considers talking with Brie about her motivation, but then decides not to—her motives
aren’t the real issue. What is the issue is his potential conflict of interest, or the appearance of a conflict.
The next day, he calls Brie into his office and tells her, “I will be happy to do a workshop for your agency.
However, I will not take any money for it. I’m considering this workshop a public presentation that is part of the
public service component of my professor job. Please have one of the staff members at the center contact me
and we’ll make arrangements.”
The workshop goes off without a hitch. The staff at the center really like Dr. Formaggio’s presentation and he
feels really good about doing some education in the community.
A week later Dr. Formaggio is sitting at home, reading an ethics book, when the doorbell rings. Outside he
sees a small van with “Cheese the Day!” printed on the side. The delivery person is standing at the door with a
small package.
“What’s this?” Dr. Formaggio asks.
“It’s your first cheese,” the delivery person replies.
“The first one?”
“Yeah. You’re signed up for the cheese-of-the-month plan. Every month you get a different gourmet cheese
delivered. Here’s the card.” The delivery person hands Dr. Formaggio a card, which says,
“Please accept this token of our appreciation. —Brie”
What are Dr. Formaggio’s options (e.g. accept the cheese, not accept it, accept it and have conversations with
Brie, not mention it to Brie, donate the cheese to charity)?
What are the ethical justifications and drawbacks of the various alternatives?
What does he say, if anything, to Brie the next time he sees her?

Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.

God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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