Ethical Aspects of Social Engineering
• Overview: Moral dilemmas of social engineering.
• Homework: For this week, the goal is to analyze and argue whether using social media platforms as a means of propaganda is ethical. Think broadly and write about the implications of using the utilitarian or deontological approach in public relations. You might read the Conceptual Ethics Approach to Fake News to jump-start your thinking.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Ethical Aspects of Social Engineering: Analyzing the Use of Social Media Platforms as Propaganda
Overview
Social engineering refers to the manipulation and exploitation of human psychology to gain unauthorized access to information or resources. While commonly associated with cybersecurity, social engineering also has ethical implications when it is used to influence public opinion, behavior, or beliefs. This paper aims to explore the moral dilemmas of social engineering, specifically focusing on the ethical implications of using social media platforms as a means of propaganda. By analyzing this topic through the lenses of utilitarianism and deontology, we can gain insights into the ethical considerations involved in public relations and the dissemination of information.
The Ethical Dilemma of Using Social Media Platforms as Propaganda
Using social media platforms as a means of propaganda raises several ethical concerns. Propaganda involves the deliberate manipulation of information to influence public opinion or behavior towards a particular agenda. When social media is utilized for propagandistic purposes, it takes advantage of the widespread reach and influence of these platforms to shape public discourse and perceptions. This raises questions about the ethical responsibilities of those who engage in such practices.
Utilitarian Approach in Public Relations
The utilitarian approach in ethics focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. From a utilitarian perspective, using social media platforms as propaganda may be justified if it leads to positive outcomes for society as a whole. Advocates argue that propaganda disseminated through social media can be used to promote important social causes, raise awareness about significant issues, and mobilize support for positive change.
However, critics argue that the utilitarian approach can be problematic when it comes to propaganda. The potential for manipulation and deception poses risks to the public’s ability to make informed decisions. Manipulating information to achieve short-term gains may lead to long-term negative consequences, undermining trust and fostering division within society.
Deontological Approach in Public Relations
The deontological approach in ethics emphasizes adherence to moral principles and duties. From a deontological perspective, using social media platforms as propaganda raises concerns about respecting individuals’ autonomy and rights to receive accurate information. Deontologists argue that individuals have the right to make informed decisions based on unbiased information, and propagandistic practices violate this principle.
Critics also argue that propaganda undermines the principle of honesty and transparency, which are essential for maintaining trust in public communication. Manipulating information through propaganda erodes the credibility of public relations and can lead to a breakdown in relationships between organizations, individuals, and society at large.
Conceptual Ethics Approach: Fake News
The Conceptual Ethics Approach to Fake News provides valuable insights into the ethical considerations surrounding propaganda on social media platforms. Fake news refers to intentionally false or misleading information presented as factual news. The dissemination of fake news through social media can have severe consequences, including the spread of misinformation, polarization of society, and erosion of trust in traditional media sources.
From a conceptual ethics perspective, the responsibility lies with both content producers and consumers. Producers have an ethical duty to verify information before sharing it, ensuring accuracy and avoiding deliberate manipulation for personal or political gain. Consumers also have a responsibility to critically evaluate information they encounter on social media platforms, seeking out multiple perspectives and fact-checking claims before accepting them as truth.
Conclusion
The use of social media platforms as propaganda raises significant ethical concerns in public relations. Analyzing this issue through the lenses of utilitarianism and deontology provides insights into the moral considerations at play. While some argue that propaganda on social media can serve positive outcomes, critics highlight the risks associated with manipulation, deception, and erosion of trust.
It is essential for organizations and individuals engaging in public relations to uphold ethical principles such as honesty, transparency, respect for autonomy, and accuracy. Recognizing the potential consequences of propagandistic practices on social media is crucial for maintaining a healthy and informed public discourse. By fostering critical thinking skills and promoting responsible content production and consumption, we can navigate the ethical challenges posed by social engineering in today’s digital age.
