After reading Chapter 5, write a one-page, double-spaced paper (250 words minimum) comparing and contrasting Cognition Learning and Conditioned Learning. Discuss the role of cognition and thought in learning (cognitive learning theory, latent learning, observational learning), and consider how this approach differs from classical conditioning and operant conditioning as a learning process.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
The Role of Cognition in Learning: A Comparison between Cognitive Learning Theory and Conditioned Learning
Introduction
Learning is a complex process that involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and behaviors through experience. Two prominent theories that explain the process of learning are cognitive learning theory and conditioned learning. While both theories aim to understand how individuals acquire new information, they differ in their approach and the role of cognition and thought in the learning process. This essay will compare and contrast cognitive learning theory with conditioned learning, highlighting the significance of cognition in learning.
Cognitive Learning Theory
Cognitive learning theory emphasizes the role of mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem-solving in the learning process. According to this theory, learning occurs when individuals actively process information, make connections, and construct meaning from their experiences. One key aspect of cognitive learning theory is latent learning, which suggests that learning can take place without immediate reinforcement or direct reinforcement. It implies that individuals can acquire knowledge and skills without displaying them immediately.
Observational learning is another component of cognitive learning theory. This form of learning occurs through observing others’ behaviors and consequences. Individuals learn by imitating the behaviors they observe, which can be reinforced or punished. For example, a child may observe their parent tying shoelaces and, through observation, acquire the skill without direct instruction.
Conditioned Learning
Conditioned learning, on the other hand, encompasses classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves the association of a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus to elicit a response. Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiment with dogs exemplifies classical conditioning. By pairing a bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus), the dogs eventually associated the bell with food, causing them to salivate (conditioned response) even without food.
Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences of behavior. It suggests that individuals learn through reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again, while punishment decreases it. For example, a child may be rewarded with a treat (positive reinforcement) for completing their homework on time, which encourages them to continue doing so.
The Role of Cognition and Thought in Learning
While conditioned learning primarily focuses on the association between stimuli and responses, cognitive learning theory emphasizes the active role of cognition and thought in the learning process. According to cognitive learning theory, individuals engage in mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem-solving to construct knowledge and understand new information.
In cognitive learning theory, individuals are seen as active learners who actively seek out information, make connections, and apply previous knowledge to new situations. This contrasts with conditioned learning, where individuals passively respond to stimuli without actively processing or constructing knowledge.
Conclusion
In conclusion, cognitive learning theory and conditioned learning offer different perspectives on how individuals acquire knowledge and skills. Cognitive learning theory emphasizes the role of cognition and thought processes in actively constructing meaning from experiences. Latent learning and observational learning are key components of this theory. In contrast, conditioned learning focuses on the association between stimuli and responses, with classical conditioning and operant conditioning as its main mechanisms. While both theories contribute to our understanding of learning, cognitive learning theory highlights the importance of cognition in actively shaping the learning process.
