Before I start writing the research paper, there was an “Essay outline” that I wrote. General city and topic/ theme: Crime and violence in Chicago More specific: Crime and violence in racial prejudice of Chicago, 1875-1920 Research question(s): Between 1875 and 1920, what are the causes of crime and violence in Chicago, and what is the impact? Thesis statement: Between 1875 and 1920, the violent and crime rate rose sharply in Chicago. This phenomenon is due to people’s prejudice against race, which is closely related to the political environment of the government, people’s religious beliefs and historical factors. Supporting idea: 1. The political environment of Chicago’s government is influenced by the Democratic Party, which segregates citizens of different races, leading to prejudice against other races, thus triggering social violence and crime. 2. Different religious beliefs reflect the differences in perception and cognition among different ethnic groups. 3. Chicago’s social environment of racial inequality has contributed to the inducement of local violence and crime and has increased the incidence of violence and crime among different ethnic groups in Chicago. Annotated bibliography Krugler, David F. 1919, The Year of Racial Violence: How African Americans Fought Back. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107449343 This book introduces the racial riots in Chicago in 1919 and describes the rebellion of African Americans to protect their rights from white control. In this book, the author describes the social environment at that time; the mass media broadcast negative news about blacks and misled the people to accuse blacks of violence. The author also explains the ethnic unrest caused by the chaotic social environment and unfair legal provisions, breaking the long-standing oppression of African Americans by the government and white people. They fought after World War I to regain freedom and civil rights. The incident brought tensions between Chicago’s police and ethnic groups and threatened the government. Lesy, Michael. Murder City: The Bloody History of Chicago in the Twenties. New York: W.W. Norton, 2007. The book expresses how 17 murders cases in Chicago affected local security issues and government policy decision making. In this book, there are at least two of the 17 cases were tragedies caused by racial prejudice. The aggregation of these murders formed the history of violent murder in Chicago. In addition, Chapter 3: “Harvey church” and Chapter 5: “Roach and Mosby” are the most helpful to my essay. Both chapters described people’s violent and criminal tendencies in acts of racial discrimination. In Chapter 5, the author points out that racial riots begin between white and black teenagers, and street violence and murder lead to violent crimes between races. Peterson, Ruth D., Lauren Joy. Krivo, and John Hagan. The Many Colors of Crime Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. New York: New York University Press, 2006. This book mainly talks about racial discrimination in criminal justice management and crime caused by cultural differences among ethnic minorities. The authors believed that the legal response to criminal acts and offenders is compulsory. Based on the historical development of African American youth in rural and non-rural areas, the authors described the violent crimes committed by this group in terms of race, class and gender. At the same time, the book also provided cases of arrest rates for whites and blacks, explaining racial inequalities in the United States. In addition, this book expresses the differences of different racial thinking; because fixed racial thinking is more likely to conflict with other races, which often determines people’s violent and criminal behavior. The paper has to contain at least 5 sources.
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