An epidemiologic framework for the delivery of health care services

by | Jan 8, 2020 | Healthcare

An epidemiologic framework for the delivery of health care services
What is the male-to-female ratio for AIDS in Ohio? In the United States?
Out of the total number of AIDS cases in Ohio, what proportion are women? Of the total cases in the United States, what proportion are women?
What proportion of the total AIDS cases in Ohio are ages 30 to 39? What proportion in the United States are ages 30 to 39?
Calculate the proportion of AIDS cases in Ohio by race. Calculate the proportion of AIDS cases in the United States by race.
How do the preceding ratios and proportions, Ohio versus United States, compare?
What is the case fatality rate for CVA for the years 2001 through 2015?
The midyear population for this region in 2014 was 11,140,950. What is the incidence rate for CVA for 2014?
Calculate the risk of death due to malignancy among men relative to women.
What can you conclude from these results about the odds of dying from a malignancy in men compared to women?
Under cancer statistics, examine cancer incidence for childhood cancers for the state of Alabama by calculating/requesting age-adjusted rates for all types of cancer. Describe the three highest occurring age-adjusted rates and three lowest ones based on cancer type for this state.
Under cancer mortality, determine crude rates for leading cancer sites for the state of Virginia. What can you conclude from these results about the top leading cancer sites for this state?
Problem 1: You have been appointed the new vice president for community and external affairs at an academic medical center which is located in an urban area serving a population according to the 2010 U.S. Census is 82.2% black, has 32.8% of families below the poverty level, and 26.3% with a long-standing disability. According to a recent survey conducted by the academic medical center, many people in this community go to its emergency room even when they have conditions and symptoms that can be treated and managed through regular visits with a primary care provider. Develop a plan based upon the epidemiological model of health services delivery to build community partnerships with health care services to efficiently connect patients with appropriate primary care resources in the community.

Measuring disease and mortality

Problem 2: The following data indicates AIDS cases in Ohio by age, sex and race between the years 1991-2009. U.S. data are presented as well. Suppose you work for a health care research agency in Ohio and you are asked to put together a quick report related to the following items:

Demographics

Total Ohio

Total U.S.

Age

<13

96

8,718

13-19

72

3,725

20-24

331

25,904

25-29

776

97,676

30-39

4,686

329,066

40-49

5,362

190,087

50-64

2,254

68,196

65+

217

10,002

Subtotal

13,794

733,374

Race/Ethnicity

White

6,943

318,354

Black

5,742

272,881

Hispanic

642

133,703

Other

74

7,479

Unknown

393

957

Subtotal

13,794

733,374

Sex

Male

10766

609,329

Female

2634

124,045

Unknown

394

Subtotal

13794

733,374

Problem 3:

For a large metropolitan region, the total number of new cases and observed deaths for patients who have had a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) between the years of 2001 and 2015 are presented in the Table below.

Year of diagnosis

Total number of New cases

Observed deaths

2001

2

2

2002

7

7

2003

27

25

2004

58

56

2005

120

113

2006

211

198

2007

401

374

2008

540

482

2009

631

537

2010

682

577

2011

763

644

2012

775

587

2013

1935

908

2014

947

259

2015

259

63

Problem 4:

You are employed at a cancer treatment, which reported the following data on deaths due to malignancies, by sex for the past 20 years. As a health care analyst, you need to determine measures of risk for death due to malignancies based on sex.

Death due to malignancies

Sex

Yes

No

Total

Men

7,153

21,507

28,660

Women

6,565

28,890

35,455

Problem 5:

An important skill for a health care management professional is the ability to search government-based databases for information. This is particularly useful when one is searching for comparative information. This problem is designed to provide experience working with an on-line interactive database and to provide experience in analyzing and summarizing the results of data queries.
Using the website for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s data sets at https://wonder.cdc.gov/, answer the following:

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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