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Representation TV & Sexuality (AVILA-SAAVEDRA, Gibson’s presentation). In the early 2000s, representation of homosexuality on TV increased, especially gay male protagonists. What would be an example of this? Why was this viewed positively at the time? Avila-Saavedra argues, though, that there was nothing “queer” in these representations. What does he mean by this? Give an example from a show to illustrate. How is this related to gaystreaming (Gibson)? Can you think of a representation in TV/streaming that is queer, and moves beyond these earlier examples, or does queerness remain unrepresentable, or at least compromised, on television?

Narrative & Genre Veronica Mars (MITTELL & McWILLIAM). What is “narrative discourse” and why is it important? In narrative, how is “narrative information” managed, producing “knowledge differentials” (between characters, between characters and viewers)? Give an example from the pilot episode of Veronica Mars, and explain. In storytelling, how is “temporality” (the use and manipulation of time) used to engage viewers? Give an example from the episode to illustrate. Consider briefly how these two techniques relate to the show’s hybrid genre, teen/noir-detective. How do these choices in narrative help express these two genres and their interaction?

Audiences Fandom (STANFILL and Zoe’s presentation). Stanfill argues that the “whiteness” of fans and fan studies has gone unremarked upon – what do they mean by this? How is the whiteness of fandom invisible, and what is a consequence of this? Consider one consequence. How are male fans and female fans seen as different, by media scholars and/or by the industry? Give and explain two ways. Why are male fans preferred as the normative ideal? Give and explain one reason. What is a consequence of this? Consider one consequence.

New Media Citizen Journalism (textbook and KIDD, Gracie’s & James’s presentations). What is the public sphere? Give a definition. What is “citizen journalism” and what role might it play in the public sphere? Identify and explore at least one role. Drawing on theories of the selfie from the Kidd reading, how could selfies be considered a form of “citizen journalism”? Explore briefly using either #IfTheyGunnedMeDown (Gracie) or migrant selfies (James) as your example.

Essay: NETFLIX 400-500 words. [22 points]
Use a “mixed methods” approach (Chapter 10) to analyze Netflix – the agency it gives viewers and the structure that may channel and contain such agency.
Using our Netflix articles/presentations, NETFLIX ESSAY: POOLED SOURCES (in class Google folder), readings & textbook, and lecture, lay out a key argument/assertion about Netflix for each approach in the production, content and reception analysis paradigm:
production/industry (political economy) for example: Netflix’s business model, SVOD, branding, exploiting media convergence, platform and interface, globalization, etc.
content/text (representation & form) for example: narrative structure and serialization, intertextuality and hyper-postmodernism, “quality” television, cult shows, etc.
reception/audience (cultural studies) for example: fandom & geek culture, social media, binge-watching, produsers and participatory audiences, etc.
Explain each approach’s finding in a brief paragraph.
Triangulate the three points you have selected. Consider how they inform one another, complicate or support each other’s claims, and/or add context. Propose conclusions that can be drawn from a holistic approach that considers all three aspects of Netflix as a form of media.
Would you argue that Netflix offers the viewer full agency, or do you find significant ways in which this agency is managed and even determined by Netflix?

If link above does not work – address for NETFLIX ESSAY: POOLED SOURCES: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SS-VS5gzF5SQ2rYvWKkkUZhzFYHlMygMQ4Xr1kqKH7U/edit?usp=sharing

Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.

God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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