Geology Quiz

by | May 1, 2021 | geology

_ provide evidence of past life, and thus help geologists understand how life, and the environments they lived in, changed throughout Earth’s history.

a. Relative dating

b. Fossils

c. Rocks

d. Minerals
Historical Geology history typically covers ____.

a. Tectonics, Flora and Fauna Life and Sedimentation processes

b. Weather, Astrology and biomechanisms

c. Astrophysics, Metaphysics and Quantum mechanics

d. Age of events, number of organisms and growth potential
The contact between a layer of Devonian age shale and Jurassic age sandstone is termed a(n) ______.

a. Nonconformity

b. Angular unconformity

c. Disconformity
Which of the following describes a fundamental problem with estimating the age of Earth using fossils?

a. Little fossil evidence remains from the precambrian.

b. Little fossil evidence is available to study Earth’s history.

c. Fossils do not appear in any regular order within strata.

d. The fossil record through the Phanerozoic is discontinuous.
The knowledge of Historical geology is applicable to today’s world.
Yes
No
Unconformities represent a former surface that was exposed to erosion. As a result, the layer above the unconformity often contains inclusions of the layer below the unconformity, which helps geologists determine the sequence of events because inclusion are always _ the layer in which they are contained.

a. Younger than

b. Older than

c. The same age as
The precambrian spans fore than 4Ga and 87% of Earth’s geologic history.

a. True

b. False
Sea level rise and fall is also described as _______ and ____.

a. Transgression and Regression

b. Evolution and Conception

c. Mass Extinction and Adaptive Radiance

d. Climate Change and Global warming

Referring to the diagram above, path A is _

a. cooling and uplift

b. weathering and deposition

c. cooling and crystallization

d. burial and lithification
Mass extinctions are a geologic fact though the reasons behind them may vary.

a. True

b. False
With the concept of global warming and climate change, which of the following is geologically false?

a. The polar and ice caps melting.

b. Transgression occurring

c. Regression takes place

d. Coral bleaching occurs
According to the principle of uniformatarianism,

a. all of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula

b. early Earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean

c. geologic processes we observe today have operated in the past

d. geologic process in the past operated at the same rate as they do today

The volcanic ash overlays shale in a sequence. The ash is dated to be 744,000 years old. What is the best estimate of the age of the shale?

a. 744 thousand years.

b. Older than 744 thousand years.

c. Younger than 744 thousand years.
The most recent agreed epoch now included in geology is the age of man or _______.

a. Anthropocene

b. Homo sapien

c. Eocene

d. Quaternary
Which science is not used within the Earth sciences?

A. Geology

B. Biology

C. Physics

D. None of the above; Earth Science makes use of all of these sciences.

E. Chemistry
Which one of the following is a trace fossil?

a. biozone

b. clam shell

c. worm burrow

d. dinosaur bone
Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks termed evaporites are __________________.

a. Halite and gypsum

b. Sandstone and Conglomerate

c. Granite and Basalt

d. Shale and Siltstone
Geologists use the principle of superposition to determine _________________________.

a. how long ago a fossil organism lived

b. absolute ages for geologic events

c. the relative ages of rocks in a vertical sequence

d. the duration of a marine regression
Which of these is not a Principle of geology?

Principle of Superposition

Principle of Cross cutting relationship

Principle of Original Horizontality

Principle of Time scale

The motions of the three types of plate boundaries would be described as divergent, convergent, and static.

a. True

b. False

c. Neither

d. Both
Radiometric dates applied to sedimentary rocks produce ages that are _.

a. Just as accurate as when the technique is applied to igneous rocks.

b. Younger than the sedimentary rock.

c. Older than the sedimentary rock.
Which of the following geologic materials will yield the most reliable radiometric age?

a. Minerals in sediments that have been heated by a lava flow.

b. Zircon crystals in volcanic ash.

c. Minerals in a fossil shell.

d. Weathered minerals in sediments.
The principle of fossil succession is most similar to what other principle of relative dating?

a. Superposition

b. Inclusions

c. Cross cutting

d. Original horizontality

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Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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