How parents respond to, interact with, and discipline their children has a tremendous impact on their child’s cognitive and social development. Most information on parenting styles relies on research conducted by Diana Baumrind in the early 1960s. Later researchers (Chao, 1994; Darling & Steinberg, 1993) have argued that Baumrind’s research is based on Western, middle-class families of European descent and does not consider cultural differences when associating parenting style with child outcomes.
Culture shapes values and beliefs. In turn, values and beliefs tend to shape parenting styles and how parents interact with their children. For example, collectivist cultures (individuals contribute to the well-being of the family and community) value behaviors such as helpfulness, conformity, and interdependence within the family structure (Darling & Steinberg, 1993).
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