The bile duct cancer of workers at printing plants in Japan in 2012.

by | Sep 6, 2021 | Healthcare

Q1; The chlorinated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic compounds, which have induced the bile duct cancer of workers at printing plants in Japan in 2012. The chlorinated hydrocarbons have been heavily used as cleaning solvent. The atmospheric concentration may be reached at several thousand ppm at work place. By the way, tap water may be contaminated with the chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are unintentionally produced by a sterilization process by chlorine.
Let’s execute shemical risk assessment for ubiquitous chlorinated hydrocarbons of dichloromethane CH2Cl2 or chloroform CHCl3. Let’s make evaluation of Margin of Exposure MOE of dichloromethane CH2Cl2 or chloroform CHCl3.
To evaluate the MOE, we need the estimated amounts of exposure and threshold of safe (termed by “POD:point of departure”). Some organization opened the Initial risk assessment of these chemicals. Please, find the informative documents for executing the risk assessment of dichloromethane CH2Cl2 or chloroform CHCl3.
The procedure is described as follows
(1) Establish the scenario; assuming the situation and condition of intake the chemicals
(2) Estimate the amount of exposure. This is carried out by finding the informative documents, in which the exposure condition is similar to the scenario.
(3) Establish the POD. The confidence of evaluation of POD is enhanced as lowering the uncertainty factors. And, we should also find the effective assessment documents, in which the scenario is as same as possible.
(4) Calculate the MOE, and compare to the uncertainty factors UFs.

The Q2 is the alternative question of Q1. You can choice whether Q1 or Q2.
Q2. Please, try to verify the reports of risk assessment presented by different organization. This comparative reviewing is also executed to your assessment Q1. Comment on the differences in confidence and usefulness by focusing on the scenario, assumption and methodology.

Make comments on the risks by comparison between MOE value and uncertainty factors UFs. Please, download the reports of risk assessment for the interested chemicals from a number of domestic and international organizations. In these reports, find out the amounts of exposure and criteria of safety. We can obtain the MOE value by the ratio of both values. We can download some reports of risk assessments for the same compound. Make comments on the reasons for different results. It should be easy to analyze the reports focusing on scenario, assumption, methodology.

Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances
https://www.nite.go.jp/en/chem/risk/risk_index.html

Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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