The Cell and DNA

by | Jun 9, 2020 | Healthcare

Below is a copy of Quiz 2 (25 points). Read carefully and answer the questions. This is an open book quiz, however, you are expected to do your own work and for the short answer questions write the answers using your own words. Submit as a Word or rtf attachment (please put your last name in the file name of attached documents–for example student John Smith would be Smith J.Quiz 2. doc). Your completed quiz is due no later than 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time, June 02, 2020. See the syllabus for the policy on late submissions.
Part A. Fill in the blank

  1. (1 point) You are given a nucleic acid sample with the following sequence:
    AUGGCGGGUGUACUAUAG. Is the sample RNA or DNA and how do you know?
  2. (1 point) The three- letter mRNA nucleotide sequence that specifies an amino acid is called a _.
  3. (2 points) Describe what would happen if GGU in mRNA is changed to GGA. Name the type of mutation and describe its effect on the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of the polypeptide __________
  4. (2 points) Describe what would happen if GGU in mRNA is changed to GUU. Name the type of mutation and describe its effect on the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of the polypeptide __________
    Types and effects of DNA mutations are described in Course Module 2 Commentary. A Genetic Decoder Table is posted in Week 2 topic Key Concept: DNA, RNA & the Genetic Code
    Part B. Short answers
    See the Syllabus for links to tutorials and examples of how to avoid plagiarism and to write in your own words.
    Important: You must include a complete citation in APA style for the source(s) of information you used to answer questions 7-10, or that support your answer. If you include complete citations at the end of the quiz, then you need to include in-text citations within your answers. See UMUC Library for citation examples and tutorials (Resources > Library > Get Help > Citing and Writing). Some unacceptable sources: Wikipedia, Yahoo Answers and similar type websites; also see Announcement: An important message about tutoring services at UMUC and online cheating. Points will be deducted for incomplete citations and no points will be earned for answers without sources cited or incorrect sources cited.
  5. (3 points) What role do the existing strands of DNA play during the synthesis of the new DNA strands? Use the following sequence of double stranded DNA to illustrate how the existing and new strands are related after replication of the molecule (label which are the new and old strands).

3ʹ-TACCGCCCACATATC-5ʹ

5ʹ-ATGGCGGGTGTATAG-3ʹ

  1. (3 points) RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called _ which utilizes the enzyme _. Describe the events and molecules involved in this process. Use the DNA molecule in question 5 to illustrate and show the RNA product. [Hint: The template strand for transcription: 3ʹ-TACCGCCCACATATC-5ʹ

Important Note: The RNA sequence in Module 2 Commentary Animation 2.2 is incorrect (see correct sequence in week 2 key concept topic DNA, RNA & the Genetic Code)

  1. (3 points) Proteins are synthesized using mRNA as a template in a process called _. Illustrate and show the amino acid sequence for the mRNA sequence you determined in question 6.
  2. (3 points) Describe at least three functions of cell membranes.
  3. (4 points) In a table compare general structural similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells related to genetic organization, compartmentation, protein synthesis, and cell motility.
  4. (3 points) What are the three major types of RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis and their function?

Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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