Write a Cancer Review paper covering the recommended topic related to current cancer research.
Cancer Review Recommended Topic:
Cancer Metastasis
Lambert AW, Pattabiraman DR, Weinberg RA. Emerging Biological Principles of
Metastasis. Cell. 2017 Feb 9;168(4):670-691. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.037. Review.
PubMed PMID: 28187288; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5308465.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Cancer Review: Emerging Biological Principles of Metastasis
Introduction
Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to distant organs, is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that significantly contributes to cancer progression and mortality. Understanding the biological principles that govern metastasis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat advanced and metastatic cancers. Lambert, Pattabiraman, and Weinberg (2017) explored the emerging biological insights into metastasis in their review published in Cell, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underlying this deadly aspect of cancer.
Literature Review
The review by Lambert et al. (2017) delves into the evolving landscape of metastasis research, highlighting key biological principles that influence the dissemination and colonization of cancer cells at secondary sites. The authors discuss the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenvironment interactions, immune evasion mechanisms, and the formation of pre-metastatic niches in facilitating the metastatic cascade. By synthesizing current knowledge on metastasis, the review underscores the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of metastatic progression across different cancer types.
Gaps in Knowledge
Despite advances in understanding metastasis biology, several gaps in knowledge persist regarding the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive different stages of the metastatic process. Areas requiring further investigation include the identification of novel metastasis-promoting factors, elucidation of organ-specific tropism in metastatic colonization, exploration of therapeutic vulnerabilities unique to metastatic cells, and the development of predictive biomarkers for metastatic risk assessment in cancer patients.
Research Question
Research Question: How can we leverage emerging biological insights into metastasis to develop targeted therapies that disrupt key drivers of the metastatic cascade and improve clinical outcomes for patients with advanced and metastatic cancers?
Significance and Implications
Addressing the proposed research question is paramount for advancing precision oncology and personalized treatment approaches tailored to combat metastatic disease. By unraveling the intricacies of metastasis biology and identifying druggable targets that impede metastatic progression, we can potentially enhance treatment efficacy, prolong survival, and mitigate disease recurrence in patients with advanced-stage cancers. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the molecular determinants of metastasis may open new avenues for combination therapies that target both primary tumors and disseminated metastatic lesions.
In conclusion, the exploration of emerging biological principles of metastasis represents a critical frontier in cancer research with profound implications for clinical practice and patient care. Through collaborative research endeavors, innovative experimental models, and translational studies focused on metastasis-targeted interventions, we can advance our knowledge of this complex process and forge novel therapeutic strategies that hold promise for combating metastatic disease and improving outcomes for cancer patients.
