The use of parentheses in the novel “to the lighthouse” by Virginia Woolf

by | Mar 14, 2018 | Main

Discuss the use of parentheses in the novel. What kind of narrative information do they convey? Is there a pattern to them? What do they have to do with the way the novel plays with time? How do they relate to the larger themes of the novel?

You are a HR Senior Manager working for a MNC from an emerging economy (country A of your choice) which is looking to engage in an International Joint Venture (IJV) with a company from a country of your choice (country B).
You have been asked to provide a critical overview of the main challenges and complexities that the International Joint Venture (IJV) HRM team has to confront in the development of appropriate HRM practices with regards to cross cultural communication, partnership and negotiation in the recruitment, selection and training process.
To meet the company’s expectations you have to formulate a critical report to the board of directors which addresses the following questions:
• What are the major institutional and cultural differences which separate country A and country B?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in an international and cross cultural managerial group involving the (IJV)’ members from both countries (A and B)/ companies?
• What is the role of expatriate’s from both companies with respect to recruitment, selection, communication, and cross cultural training process in the (IJV)?
• What is the role of expatriate’s cross cultural training of both companies in supporting a cross cultural communication, partnership and negotiation in the recruitment, selection and training in the (IJV)?

a) Develop an analysis about the major political, economical, social with special emphasis on the institutional and cultural differences between the MNC from an emerging economy (country A) and the company (country B) both of your choice. This analysis will be based on a critical evaluation of the relevant literature about the theoretical debate on Institutional approach, Cross Cultural Management and IHRM.

b) Discuss the role of corporate and national cultures of both countries (A and B)/parents firms on the transfer and/or creation of a new organisational culture of the international Joint Venture (IJV).

c) Identify and discuss the issues involving the (IJV) related to the cross cultural training, communication and negotiation in the recruitment, selection processes .

d) Based on your discussion, draw conclusions and suggest recommendations regarding to a critical approach to IHRM in relation to the (IJV) process of transfer in practice through your case study.

 

 

Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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