A Utilitarian Argument in Favor of IVF and Surrogacy

Introduction

In discussing the ethical implications of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy, utilitarianism provides a consequentialist framework to assess the overall happiness and well-being of individuals involved. This essay will present a utilitarian argument in favor of IVF and surrogacy, highlighting the potential benefits and positive consequences that can arise from these reproductive technologies.

Utilitarianism and the Greatest Happiness Principle

Utilitarianism, founded by Jeremy Bentham and developed by John Stuart Mill, posits that the morality of an action is determined by its overall consequences in maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering. This ethical theory is grounded in the principle of the greatest happiness, which asserts that actions should aim to produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.

Argument in Favor of IVF and Surrogacy

Utilitarianism supports IVF and surrogacy due to the potential positive consequences they may generate:

1. Maximizing Happiness: IVF and surrogacy allow individuals who are unable to conceive naturally to experience the joy of parenthood. By enabling couples or individuals to have children, IVF and surrogacy contribute to their happiness, satisfaction, and sense of fulfillment. This happiness extends not only to the parents but also to the child who is welcomed into a loving and wanted family.
2. Promoting Autonomy and Choice: IVF and surrogacy empower individuals to exercise their reproductive autonomy and make choices about their own lives. By providing options for those facing infertility, these reproductive technologies offer a chance to fulfill a fundamental human desire to have biological offspring. This freedom of choice aligns with utilitarian values, as it promotes individual happiness and self-determination.
3. Advancing Medical Progress: IVF and surrogacy have propelled advancements in reproductive medicine and technology. The research and development associated with these practices have led to improvements in fertility treatments, genetic screening, and medical knowledge surrounding reproductive health. This progress benefits not only those directly involved in IVF and surrogacy but also individuals facing other reproductive challenges in need of medical intervention.
4. Supporting Economic Growth: IVF and surrogacy can contribute to economic growth by generating revenue for fertility clinics, medical practitioners, and surrogacy agencies. This economic benefit can extend to various sectors, such as healthcare, tourism, and legal services, creating employment opportunities and stimulating economic activity. This positive economic impact aligns with utilitarian principles of promoting overall societal well-being.

Conclusion

Utilitarianism provides a persuasive ethical argument in favor of IVF and surrogacy by focusing on the potential positive consequences and overall happiness they can generate. By enabling individuals to experience the joy of parenthood, promoting autonomy and choice, advancing medical progress, and supporting economic growth, these reproductive technologies align with utilitarian principles of maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering. However, it is important to acknowledge that utilitarianism does not consider individual rights or potential negative consequences, which should also be taken into account when evaluating the ethical implications of IVF and surrogacy.