Review of Literature: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
Introduction
The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the impact of social media on mental health. The problem area under investigation is the potential negative effects of social media usage on individuals’ mental well-being. The research questions guiding this review are: How does social media use influence mental health? What are the potential negative consequences of excessive social media use?
This review will first provide an overview of the scope of the problem, followed by a presentation of relevant literature organized into three main themes: social comparison, cyberbullying, and addictive behaviors. The conclusion will summarize the findings and highlight gaps in the literature, as well as suggest areas for future research.
Body of the Review
1. Social Comparison
Numerous studies have explored the relationship between social media use and social comparison. Social comparison refers to the tendency to compare oneself to others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and depression. According to a study by Fardouly et al. (2018), exposure to idealized images on social media platforms such as Instagram can contribute to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, particularly among young women. Similarly, a study by Vogel et al. (2019) found that constant exposure to highly curated and edited representations of others’ lives on social media can lead to feelings of envy and decreased life satisfaction.
2. Cyberbullying
Another significant concern regarding social media’s impact on mental health is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying refers to the use of electronic communication to harass or intimidate others. The anonymity and wide reach of social media platforms have made cyberbullying a pervasive issue. Research suggests that individuals who experience cyberbullying are more likely to report symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation (Hinduja & Patchin, 2018). Additionally, victims of cyberbullying may develop a fear of using social media platforms, resulting in social isolation and further negative psychological effects (Kowalski et al., 2014).
3. Addictive Behaviors
The addictive nature of social media has garnered attention in recent years. Studies indicate that excessive social media use can lead to addictive behaviors, similar to those observed in substance abuse disorders. According to a study by Andreassen et al. (2017), individuals who engage in problematic social media use experience higher levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. The constant need for validation and fear of missing out (FOMO) associated with social media addiction can exacerbate mental health issues.
Conclusion
The literature reviewed demonstrates that social media has a significant impact on mental health. Findings suggest that exposure to idealized images on social media platforms contributes to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. Cyberbullying is another concerning consequence of social media use, leading to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Additionally, addictive behaviors associated with excessive social media use can worsen mental health outcomes.
Despite the wealth of research on this topic, there are still gaps in our understanding. Future research should focus on exploring potential protective factors or interventions that can mitigate the negative effects of social media on mental health. Additionally, further investigation is needed to understand the long-term consequences of excessive social media use and its impact on different age groups and populations.
In conclusion, it is crucial to recognize the potential risks associated with social media use and implement strategies to promote healthy online behaviors and protect individuals’ mental well-being.
