Write a Cancer Review paper covering the recommended topic related to current cancer research.
Cancer Review Recommended Topic:
Epidemiology, etiology and/or biology of lung cancer in never smokers Pallis AG, Syrigos KN. Lung cancer in never smokers: disease characteristics and risk factors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Dec;88(3):494-503. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.06.011. Review. PubMed PMID: 23921082.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Cancer Review: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Biology of Lung Cancer in Never Smokers
Introduction
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a significant portion of cases traditionally attributed to smoking. However, an emerging area of research focuses on lung cancer in never smokers, a subset of patients who have never smoked or been exposed to significant amounts of secondhand smoke. Understanding the epidemiology, etiology, and biology of lung cancer in never smokers is crucial for improving prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies for this specific population.
Literature Review
Pallis and Syrigos (2013) conducted a review on lung cancer in never smokers, highlighting disease characteristics and risk factors specific to this population. The study emphasized the importance of recognizing distinct features of lung cancer in never smokers, such as different histological subtypes and genetic mutations compared to smoking-related lung cancer cases. Additionally, environmental and occupational exposures, as well as genetic predispositions, were identified as potential risk factors for lung cancer in never smokers.
Gaps in Knowledge
Despite advancements in understanding lung cancer in never smokers, several gaps in knowledge persist. There is a need for further research to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which lung cancer develops in never smokers, including the role of environmental carcinogens, genetic susceptibility, and immune system interactions. Additionally, more comprehensive epidemiological studies are required to accurately assess the prevalence and incidence of lung cancer in never smokers across different populations.
Research Question
Research Question: What are the specific genetic mutations and environmental exposures that contribute to the development of lung cancer in never smokers?
Significance and Implications
By addressing the proposed research question, we can gain insights into the molecular pathways and external factors that drive lung cancer in never smokers. This knowledge can inform targeted screening programs, personalized treatment approaches, and preventive strategies tailored to individuals who have never smoked. Furthermore, understanding the distinct biology of lung cancer in never smokers may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions that could improve outcomes and quality of life for this patient population.
In conclusion, the epidemiology, etiology, and biology of lung cancer in never smokers represent a complex and understudied area within oncology. Through dedicated research efforts focused on filling existing knowledge gaps and answering critical research questions, we can advance our understanding of this unique form of lung cancer and work towards improving outcomes for affected individuals.
