1. Solution Strategies:
a. List of Solution Strategies:
1. Trial and Error: Involves trying different approaches until a solution is found.
2. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution.
3. Heuristic: A general problem-solving framework or rule of thumb.
4. Logical Reasoning: Using deductive or inductive reasoning to reach a conclusion.
b. Definition and Example:
– Heuristic: Heuristics are mental shortcuts or strategies that simplify the problem-solving process. An example would be using the “Divide and Conquer” heuristic, where a complex problem is divided into smaller, more manageable parts for easier solution finding.
c. Preferred Solution Strategy:
– I tend to use heuristics most often in problem-solving as they provide efficient and practical approaches to tackling various problems. For instance, when faced with time constraints, I often employ the heuristic of “working backward” to identify the steps needed to reach a goal efficiently.
2. Heuristics:
Preferred Heuristic and Reasoning:
– I would be most likely to choose the “Analogies” heuristic to aid in problem-solving. Drawing parallels between the current problem and a similar past problem can provide insights and solutions. Analogies help in transferring knowledge from one context to another, fostering creative problem-solving and innovative thinking.
3. Theories of Intelligence:
Preferred Theory of Intelligence:
– I align more with the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner. This theory suggests that intelligence is not a singular entity but comprises various types of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences. I resonate with this theory as it acknowledges diverse forms of intelligence beyond traditional measures like IQ, emphasizing individual strengths and capabilities.
4. Gambler’s Fallacy:
Personal Experience:
– Incorporating the Gambler’s Fallacy into decision-making can lead to unfavorable outcomes. An example is in gambling when believing that past losses increase the likelihood of a win, leading to continued betting based on false assumptions rather than probabilities. This fallacy can result in financial losses and poor decision-making if not recognized and corrected.
5. Reliability and Validity:
Definitions:
– Reliability: Refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement tool or test. A reliable measure produces consistent results when repeated.
– Validity: Indicates the accuracy and relevance of a measurement tool in assessing what it intends to measure. A valid measure accurately captures the concept or trait under investigation.
By understanding reliability and validity, researchers can ensure that their measurements are dependable and accurately reflect the constructs being studied, enhancing the credibility and robustness of their findings.
