Write your review/opinion on the article below:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725776/
Did you learn something new?
Have you had experiences with cranial nerve assessment?
Are there alternative tests that you have learned in the past that you can share?
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
The article titled “A guide to cranial nerve testing for musculoskeletal clinicians” provides a comprehensive overview of cranial nerve assessments, emphasizing their importance in clinical practice, particularly for musculoskeletal conditions. It systematically outlines the various cranial nerves, their functions, and the specific tests used to assess them. This information is particularly valuable for clinicians who may not be neurologically focused but still encounter patients with cranial nerve involvement.
Key Takeaways
One of the most enlightening aspects of the article is its emphasis on practical testing techniques that clinicians can easily implement in their practice. For instance, the article details a test for jaw strength where the patient places a fist under their jaw and attempts to open their mouth against resistance. This test is straightforward yet effective in assessing the function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
Additionally, the article clarifies the significance of a thorough cranial nerve assessment in diagnosing potential neurological issues that could affect musculoskeletal function. Understanding how cranial nerves influence muscle control and sensory perception can enhance a clinician’s ability to provide holistic care.
Personal Experience with Cranial Nerve Assessment
In my own clinical experience, I have conducted cranial nerve assessments primarily as part of a comprehensive neurological examination. I found that these assessments are crucial when evaluating patients with head injuries, neurological disorders, or unexplained symptoms. The structured approach outlined in the article aligns well with my training and experiences, reinforcing the importance of systematic evaluation.
Alternative Tests
While the methods described in the article are effective, I have also encountered alternative tests in my practice. For example, the Saccadic Eye Movement Test can assess cranial nerves II (Optic) and VI (Abducens) by having the patient follow rapidly moving targets. This test helps evaluate not only visual acuity but also coordination between cranial nerves governing eye movements.
Another alternative I have used is the Rinne and Weber tests, which assess auditory function related to cranial nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear). These tests are particularly useful in differentiating between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
Conclusion
Overall, the article serves as an excellent resource for clinicians seeking to enhance their understanding of cranial nerve assessments within the context of musculoskeletal conditions. It underscores the practical application of these assessments and encourages a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. I appreciated the clarity and structure of the information provided, making it accessible for healthcare professionals at various levels of experience. These insights will undoubtedly inform my future practice and improve my diagnostic capabilities in assessing cranial nerve function.
Sources:
– Taylor, A. (2021). A guide to cranial nerve testing for musculoskeletal clinicians. NCBI
