1. Select an interest group (AARP, AHIP, Coalition for Health Services Research, Emergency Nurses Association, Pharma)
2. Discuss how they are pushing their agenda (i.e., mechanisms used to influence policy makers), key obstacles, and spending (consult the Center for Responsible Politics, www.opensecrets.org)
3. Investigate the interest group’s website and review their position statements, testimony, and consult media reports to obtain more information on the group’s lobbying efforts.
Sample Answer
Interest Group: AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons)
AARP is a non-profit organization dedicated to empowering people 50 and older to choose how they live as they age. With a massive membership base (tens of millions), AARP wields significant influence on policy issues ranging from healthcare and financial security to consumer protection and social equity.
How AARP Pushes Its Agenda (Mechanisms Used to Influence Policymakers)
AARP employs a multifaceted approach to influence policymakers, leveraging its vast membership, research capabilities, and established presence in Washington D.C. and state capitals.
Lobbying (Direct and Indirect):
- Direct Lobbying: AARP maintains a robust team of in-house lobbyists who directly engage with members of Congress, their staff, and executive branch officials. They meet to discuss legislation, present AARP's positions, and advocate for specific policy changes. This often involves providing data, research, and anecdotal evidence to support their arguments.
- Grassroots Lobbying: AARP's strength lies in its extensive network of members and volunteers across all 50 states, D.C., and U.S. territories. They mobilize members to contact their elected officials through phone calls, emails, letters, and social media campaigns. "Lobby Days" on Capitol Hill, where AARP volunteers directly meet with lawmakers, are a common and impactful tactic. This demonstrates the broad public support for AARP's agenda.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: AARP frequently launches national advertising campaigns (TV, print, digital) to raise public awareness about issues critical to older Americans and to pressure policymakers. These campaigns often frame issues in a way that resonates with a wider audience, not just their members. For instance, they have run ads attacking proposals like an "age tax" in healthcare.
Research and Policy Development:
- Policy Research: AARP has its own Public Policy Institute that conducts extensive research, surveys, and analysis on issues affecting older adults. This research provides credible data and insights that inform AARP's policy positions and are used to support their lobbying efforts. They publish reports, policy briefs, and fact sheets to educate policymakers and the public.