Antibiotic Resistance: A Public Health Challenge

by | Nov 4, 2023 | Nursing

The Public Health Topic:
Antibiotic Resistance
Research the above public health issues and services, and write a five to six page
paper on your findings following the American Medical Associa!on guide (AMA citation
style) . When you look at these issues what do you find? Choose the suite of issues you want to discuss (or if it is strong enough, a single
issue) and use research to support your findings. Your paper should address the following
public health principles, and in doing so you can present ways our society can address the
research. I would suggest you look through the Healthy
People 2030 website <h”ps://health.gov/healthypeople> to get a be”er understanding of
Public Health’s job in addressing these areas.
1. What is the Problem?
2. Principle of the Aggregate: Public health focuses on the health needs of the en!re
popula!on.
3. Principle of Prevention: Public health emphasizes preven!on.
4. Principle of Epidemiology: Public health relies on epidemiology (the science of understanding the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations) as its method of inquiry.
5. Principle of Community Organiza”on: Public health organizes community resources to meet health needs.
6. Principle of Leadership: Public health leads when others cannot or will not.
7. Principle of the Greater Good: Public health gives first consideration to interven!ons that provide greater good for the greatest number of people.
8. Cri”que of References: For at least two of your most commonly used cita!ons, evaluate each one separately indicating each component of quality using the criteria presented in the table below. Your critique does not have to be in a table format, but you do need to address each of the items if your source is from the web. In wri!ng your paper and citing work, you should be selec!ng sources that are good reliable and valid sources of information.
9. Bibliography (numbered in AMA format)

 

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Answer

Sample Answer

 

 

Antibiotic Resistance: A Public Health Challenge

1. What is the Problem?

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant public health problem worldwide. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms develop the ability to resist the effects of antibiotics, rendering these drugs ineffective in treating infections. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals have accelerated the development of antibiotic resistance, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

2. Principle of the Aggregate: Public health focuses on the health needs of the entire population.

Public health approaches to antibiotic resistance focus on addressing the issue at the population level rather than individual patients. This involves implementing strategies to prevent infections, improve antibiotic prescribing practices, and promote antibiotic stewardship across healthcare settings. Public health agencies work collaboratively with healthcare providers, policymakers, and community organizations to develop and implement interventions that benefit the entire population.

3. Principle of Prevention: Public health emphasizes prevention.

Preventing the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a key principle in public health. Efforts are focused on raising awareness about appropriate antibiotic use among healthcare providers and the general public. Educational campaigns emphasize the importance of completing prescribed courses of antibiotics, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use for viral infections, and promoting hygiene practices to prevent infections. Vaccination programs are also crucial in preventing infections that may otherwise require antibiotic treatment.

4. Principle of Epidemiology: Public health relies on epidemiology as its method of inquiry.

Epidemiology plays a critical role in understanding the causes, distribution, and control of antibiotic resistance. Surveillance systems are established to monitor the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections and identify emerging patterns. Epidemiological studies help identify risk factors for resistance development and inform strategies for prevention and control. The data collected through epidemiological investigations guide public health interventions and initiatives aimed at combating antibiotic resistance.

5. Principle of Community Organization: Public health organizes community resources to meet health needs.

Addressing antibiotic resistance requires a coordinated effort from various stakeholders within the community. Public health organizations collaborate with healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and community leaders to develop comprehensive strategies for preventing and controlling antibiotic resistance. Community engagement initiatives raise awareness, provide education, and promote behavior change related to appropriate antibiotic use. Partnerships with community organizations facilitate the implementation of interventions at the local level.

6. Principle of Leadership: Public health leads when others cannot or will not.

Public health plays a crucial leadership role in addressing antibiotic resistance. It takes the lead in developing policies and guidelines for appropriate antibiotic use and promoting antibiotic stewardship programs. Public health agencies work closely with healthcare providers to ensure the responsible use of antibiotics and encourage the adoption of evidence-based practices. They also advocate for increased research funding and support initiatives aimed at developing new antibiotics and alternative treatment options.

7. Principle of the Greater Good: Public health gives first consideration to interventions that provide greater good for the greatest number of people.

Public health interventions targeting antibiotic resistance aim to benefit the entire population by preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics for both current and future generations. Strategies such as antimicrobial stewardship programs focus on improving patient outcomes while minimizing the development of resistance. By promoting appropriate antibiotic use, public health efforts help protect vulnerable populations, prevent healthcare-associated infections, and maintain effective treatment options for serious bacterial infections.

8. Critique of References:

Reference 1 – The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website:

Quality Criteria: The CDC is a reputable source known for providing evidence-based information on public health topics.
Authority: The CDC is a federal agency responsible for disease prevention and control in the United States.
Currency: The website is regularly updated with the latest research findings and guidelines.
Objectivity: The information provided is objective and based on scientific evidence.
Accuracy: The CDC presents accurate information supported by robust research.
Coverage: The website covers various aspects of antibiotic resistance, including prevention, surveillance, and stewardship.

Reference 2 – World Health Organization (WHO) publication on global action plan on antimicrobial resistance:

Quality Criteria: The WHO is a reputable international organization with expertise in global health issues.
Authority: The WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for global public health matters.
Currency: The publication is regularly updated to reflect current knowledge and developments in antimicrobial resistance.
Objectivity: The WHO provides evidence-based recommendations and guidelines.
Accuracy: The information presented is accurate, supported by scientific research, and subject to rigorous review processes.
Coverage: The publication comprehensively addresses antimicrobial resistance, including its causes, consequences, and strategies for prevention and control.

9. Bibliography (numbered in AMA format):

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2019 [cited 2021 May 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html

World Health Organization (WHO). Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2015 [cited 2021 May 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-action-plan-on-antimicrobial-resistance

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