Battle of Normandy

  U​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​sing concepts of Operational Art & Design, you will write an analytical/research paper on the Battle of Normandy, code name Overlord Analyze this historical event, from the perspective of the operational art & design concepts and use the appropriate joint doctrinal publications. Use the following questions to guide your research and analysis: How did US military leaders apply operational art during the campaign/operation? How did US military leaders design the campaign/operation? How did US military leaders understand the operational environment? What problems did US military ha​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ve to solve? What approaches did US military use to solve the problem and achieve the military end state? What was the US end state? What were the military objectives? What effects were established to obtain the military objectives? What decisive points were established? What lines of operation/effort were established? What defeat/stabilization mechanisms were used? Was the campaign/operation design focused on defeating either adversary forces and/or functions? Did country US military consider numbers, sequence, overlap, or transitions? What phases of the joint operation model were used​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​?  
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Sample Solution

US military leaders applied operational art during the campaign/operation by focusing on strategic objectives and understanding the flow of operations. They designed the campaign/operation with a clear understanding of their resources, capabilities, and limitations in order to exploit opportunities within the operational environment. US military leaders understood that success depended upon being able to quickly identify changes in conditions and anticipate enemy reactions to those changes. The problems faced by US military forces included planning for rapid movement over large distances as well as maintaining cohesion within dispersed units operating at varying levels of capability with different levels of supplies. The approaches used by US military forces to address these challenges included using speed and maneuverability to outpace enemy forces while avoiding decisive engagements, conducting raids against softer targets such as supply lines or command centers, isolating battle spaces through air interdiction missions, and enhancing intelligence gathering capabilities via timely reconnaissance flights. The US end state was victory over hostile forces without causing excessive casualties amongst friendly personnel or civilian populations in affected areas. The primary goals were establishing security and stability across Iraq while restoring civil administration processes so that a functioning government could be established which would support democratic elections. Effects were established among Iraqi citizens by reducing violence from insurgent groups, increasing access to basic services such as healthcare and education, protecting vulnerable populations from attack or exploitation, rebuilding infrastructure destroyed due to conflict activities (e.g., roads), providing economic opportunities for communities suffering due to loss of employment opportunities caused by warfare activities (e.g., agricultural projects). These effects were achieved through decisive points such as securing major population centers like Baghdad or Fallujah; engaging adversaries diplomatically through negotiations; creating effective partnerships with local leaders; exploiting political divisions among opposing factions; developing collaborative efforts between coalition nations; ensuring adequate resources for reconstruction projects; facilitating humanitarian aid delivery systems; enabling freedom of religious worship practices without interference from extremists groups; defending public institutions against corruption practices associated with organized crime activities etc… Lines of operation/effort were established focusing on combat operations along with political-military measures targeting adversary leadership networks while also supporting diplomatic solutions seeking peaceful resolutions whenever possible including non-lethal strategies such as using psychological campaigns aimed at eroding support for extremist factions (e.g., media broadcasts). Defeat mechanisms focused on locating key nodes associated with enemy activity then disrupting them either militarily or socio-politically depending upon circumstances encountered throughout the course of operations – this allowed coalition forces flexibility when approaching difficult situations where traditional methods failed since it allowed them alternate routes towards achieving objectives without compromising other important objectives already identified earlier during mission planning stages prior commencing combat operations