Causes of the American Revolution

  Historical Context: The year 1763 marked the end of the French and Indian War, the final defeat of the French and their Native American allies in America. For America’s English colonists, this was a cause for great celebration and pride in their English identity. Expressions of English patriotism were widespread. But only twelve years later, these same American colonists found themselves locked in a bitter and violent conflict with the mother country that had so recently been the object of their proud respect. To this day, now over two hundred years later, the reasons behind this abrupt transition of England and its American colonies from allies to enemies are debated. Essential Question: Were the American colonists justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain? Instructions: Students will read and answer review questions for the 4 documents below. Each document question is worth 2 points. After reviewing the documents, students will answer a summary question in a short paragraph using evidence from the documents and from their existing knowledge. The summary question is worth 6 points. Document One (4 points) That this kingdom has the sovereign, the supreme legislative power over America, is granted. It cannot be denied; and taxation is a part of that sovereign power. It is one branch of the legislation. . . . Protection and obedience are reciprocal. Great Britain protects America, America is bound to yield [give] obedience. If not, tell me when the Americans were emancipated? When they want the protection of this kingdom, they are always ready to ask it. That protection has always been afforded them in the most full and ample manner. The nation has run itself into an immense debt to give them this protection; and now they are called upon to contribute a small share to the public expense. —George Grenville, Member of Parliament (January 14, 1766) Question 1a: According to Greenville, why does Great Britain have a large debt? Who should help pay that debt? Question 1b: Why does Parliament have the power to impose taxes on British colonies, according to Grenville?