Culturally responsive teaching strategies and activities for involving families in STEM

Here are some key principles and strategies I've learned about CRT:

• Valuing Students' Cultural Knowledge: CRT recognizes that students' cultural capital – their knowledge, strengths, and experiences from their homes and communities – are assets to learning, not deficits. Teachers actively seek to understand and value these diverse backgrounds.
• Building Relationships and Creating Inclusive Environments: Establishing strong relationships with students and fostering a classroom environment where all cultures are respected and valued is fundamental. This includes learning students' names and cultural backgrounds, showing genuine interest in their lives, and creating a sense of belonging.
• Making Learning Relevant and Contextual: CRT connects curriculum content to students' lived experiences, communities, and social realities. This helps students see the relevance of what they are learning and makes it more meaningful and engaging.
• Integrating Diverse Perspectives and Resources: CRT involves incorporating literature, examples, and resources from various cultures and perspectives into the curriculum. This helps students see themselves and others reflected in the learning materials and promotes a broader understanding of the world.
• Challenging Biases and Promoting Equity: CRT encourages critical thinking about social justice issues, power dynamics, and systemic inequalities. It aims to empower students to become agents of change and address biases within themselves and society.
• Adapting Instruction and Assessment: CRT recognizes that students have different learning styles and preferences influenced by their cultural backgrounds. Teachers use a variety of instructional strategies and culturally sensitive assessment methods to meet the diverse needs of their learners.
• Activating Prior Knowledge: CRT builds upon what students already know from their cultural experiences. Teachers elicit students' prior knowledge and use it as a foundation for introducing new concepts.
• Fostering Critical Consciousness: CRT aims to help students develop a critical awareness of the social, political, and economic forces that shape their lives and the world around them.

Essentially, culturally responsive teaching is about creating an equitable and engaging learning environment where all students feel seen, valued, and empowered to succeed by leveraging their unique cultural strengths.

Two STEM Activities Families Could Do at Home (Considering Kenyan Context):

Here are two STEM activities that families in Kenya could easily do at home, incorporating readily available materials and potentially connecting to local contexts:

1. Building a Wind-Powered Water Lifter:

   • STEM Focus: Engineering, Physics (wind energy, simple machines).
   • Materials: Recycled materials like plastic bottles, cardboard, straws, string, lightweight fabric or plastic bags, a container of water, and a smaller cup or container.
   • Activity: Families can work together to design and build a small model of a wind turbine that can lift water from one container to another. They can experiment with different blade shapes and sizes for the turbine, different ways to attach the cup to the turbine's axle (using string and a pulley-like system made from a straw or bottle cap), and the positioning of the turbine relative to a fan (or natural breeze if outdoors).
   • Cultural Responsiveness: This activity connects to the importance of water access in many communities in Kenya. Families can discuss how wind power is used in some areas for pumping water and consider the challenges and benefits of this technology in their local context. They can also use local materials and designs they might have seen or heard about.

2. Exploring Natural Dyes from Local Plants:

   • STEM Focus: Chemistry (natural pigments, chemical reactions), Botany (plant properties), Art (application of dyes).
   • Materials: White cloth scraps (cotton or natural fibers work best), various locally available plants (leaves, flowers, roots – ensuring they are safe and non-toxic), a pot for boiling water, a stirring spoon, and a mordant (like salt or vinegar, depending on the plant).
   • Activity: Families can research local plants known for producing natural dyes. They can then carefully collect these plant materials (with adult supervision and respecting the environment). Together, they can experiment with different methods of extracting the dye (boiling, soaking), using different mordants to help the dye set, and dyeing the cloth scraps. They can record their observations of the colors produced by different plants and the effects of the mordants.
   • Cultural Responsiveness: This activity connects directly to traditional knowledge of using natural resources for practical purposes like dyeing fabrics. Families can share any existing knowledge about local dye plants and traditional dyeing techniques. It encourages exploration of the local environment and appreciation for the properties of natural materials that have been used for generations in Kenyan cultures.

These activities aim to be engaging, educational, use readily available resources, and connect to the students' cultural context, fostering a more meaningful and relevant STEM learning experience for the whole family.

Culturally Responsive Teaching: Key Learnings

Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT), also known as Culturally Relevant Teaching, is a pedagogical approach that recognizes the importance of incorporating students' cultural backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives into

¹ all aspects of learning. It moves away from a one-size-fits-all model and acknowledges that students come to the classroom with diverse knowledge, skills, and ways of knowing shaped by their unique cultural identities