Most disasters change not only the direct environment in which they occurred, but also the policies and sets of standards meant to prevent them. Policy changes, practice considerations, and integration of lessons learned from the all hazards approach to emergency management serve to improve response and recovery activities for future disaster events. However, emergency managers must determine the effect to which lessons learned may or may not influence emergency management practice. In promoting policy changes and practice considerations for the field, the concept of standardizing response and recovery operations is useful. Although the concept of standardizing emergency management is not new, the events of 9/11 unambiguously demonstrated lags in standards for terrorist prevention and preparedness. Because of the lack of coordination between several government agencies for information dissemination and execution of standard protocols. prevention of the attack failed. Similarly, Hurricane Katrina revealed inconsistencies with fostering intergovernmental relationships for evacuation considerations, safe relocation of victims, and delivery of federal assistance across all government levels. Flawed
legislation for mitigation and preparedness presented immense challenges for recovery and response efforts after the storm.
The integration of lessons learned into the all hazards approach for emergency management and the subsequent legislation to address challenges for coordinating response and recovery operations is a recurring theme in the field of emergency management.
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