In reviewing the relevant laws discussed from past to present, how would you say American culture is evolving in terms of workplace expectations? Which do you believe evolves more quickly, ethics or the law? What problems might this lead to? Explain your answer with examples.
American workplace expectations have undergone a significant evolution from the past to the present, largely shaped by changing societal values and legal frameworks.
Evolution of American Workplace Expectations:
From Exploitation to Protection: Historically, especially during the Industrial Revolution, workers faced grim conditions: long hours, low wages, child labor, and rampant discrimination. Early laws were minimal and often favored employers.
Rise of Worker Rights and Safety: The 20th century saw a dramatic shift with the passage of landmark legislation. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 protected workers' rights to unionize and collectively bargain. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 established minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor protections. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970 set standards for workplace safety and health. These laws moved workplace expectations from mere survival to a baseline of safety, fair compensation, and the right to organize.
Combatting Discrimination: Laws like the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) addressed discrimination based on sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 protected older workers. These laws fostered an expectation of equal opportunity and fair treatment regardless of protected characteristics.