Write an essay about salmonella
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Essay on Salmonella
Abstract
Salmonella is a bacterial pathogen that causes a significant burden of disease worldwide. This essay explores the background information, characteristics of the organism, disease manifestations, epidemiological data, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, treatment options, and current research related to Salmonella infections.
Keywords: Salmonella, bacterial pathogen, disease characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment
Introduction
Salmonella is a group of bacteria discovered by an American scientist named Dr. Theobald Smith in 1885. These bacteria belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and are known to cause a wide range of illnesses in humans and animals. The two most common species that cause illness in humans are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori.
Organism Characteristics
Salmonella bacteria are gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms that can be found in the intestines of humans and animals. They are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can survive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. Salmonella can be cultured using standard microbiological techniques such as plating on selective media.
Disease Characteristics
Salmonella infections typically present with symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. The duration of illness can vary from a few days to a week. In severe cases, especially in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, Salmonella infections can lead to systemic disease and even death.
Epidemiological Data
Salmonella infections have a global distribution, with higher prevalence in developing countries where access to clean water and proper sanitation is limited. The main mechanisms of transmission include consumption of contaminated food (especially poultry, eggs, and unpasteurized dairy products) and water. The incidence of Salmonella infections tends to peak in the summer months.
Diagnosis of Disease
The diagnosis of Salmonella infections is typically made by isolating the bacteria from clinical specimens such as stool samples. Culture-based methods are commonly used in clinical laboratories, although molecular techniques like PCR are becoming more widespread due to their speed and sensitivity.
Prevention
Preventing Salmonella infections involves measures such as thorough cooking of food, especially poultry and eggs, practicing good hand hygiene, and avoiding cross-contamination in the kitchen. Vaccination is available for some animal species to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella in food products.
Treatment
In most cases, Salmonella infections are self-limiting and do not require specific treatment. However, in severe cases or in vulnerable populations, antibiotics may be prescribed. The choice of antibiotics should be guided by susceptibility testing to ensure effective treatment and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion
References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Salmonella. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.html
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Salmonella (non-typhoidal). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salmonella-(non-typhoidal)
3. Hohmann E.L. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 15; 32(2): 263-9.
4. Gal-Mor O., Boyle E.C., Grassl G.A. Same species, different diseases: how and why typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars differ. Front Microbiol. 2014 Sep 5; 5:391.
