An ethical dilemma is created when a person or persons must make a choice among mutually exclusive alternatives. In healthcare, an ethical dilemma emerges when there are two mutually exclusive actions that are both based on an ethical principle.
For this assignment, you are given two mini case studies in which health professionals are faced with a situation where there are ethical principles opposing one another. To determine a solution to the situation, one of the principles must override the other. In your analysis, explain how the two opposing choices of action are each informed by an ethical principle. Then write a critical analysis of the ethical dilemma faced by the health professionals, and a justification for choosing to act based on one of the ethical principles over the other. Provide a minimum 250-word analysis for each case. Present in APA writing style and format.
The Principles for Case #1:
Respect for autonomy. Also known as the principle of human dignity. We are duty bound not to interfere with the decisions of competent adults, as well as empower those we are responsible for.
Beneficence. This principle directs us to prevent harm and bring about good from our actions.
Case #1: A 74-year-old man with multiple chronic medical problems was hospitalized for respiratory distress. He experienced recurrent aspiration and required frequent suctioning and endotracheal intubation on several occasions. The patient was deemed competent and steadfastly refused feeding tube placement. The patient demanded that he be allowed to eat a normal diet despite being told that it could lead to his death. The patient wanted to go home, but there was no one there to care for him. Additionally, neither a nursing home nor hospice would accept him in his present condition. The case is especially interesting because of the symbolic value of food and the plight of the patient who has no alternative to hospitalization.
The Principles for Case #2:
Nonmaleficence. Do no harm, and when harm cannot be avoided, minimize the harm we do.
Justice. This principle directs us to provide to others what they are owed or deserve. Do not impose a burden on them. Treat people equally, fairly, and impartially.
Case #2: Allison is a smart, hardworking girl. She has not been given a lot of help with her schooling and has had to struggle on her own. On top of all that she must deal with the side effects and expenses of Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to her disease, Alli must be careful not to overwork or overstress herself as it may induce flare-ups. This is hard to do considering she must work while going to school and must worry about being able to pay all of her bills. After being malnourished and dehydrated, Alli has suffered from two infection-causing kidney stones because she has not been able to pay for her Crohn’s medication. She refuses the required surgery because she does not have health insurance and she cannot pay out of pocket.
Sample Solution