History of Career Counseling
For more than 100 years, the field of school counseling has presented a variety of ideas, techniques, and implementation strategies for career counseling. These have evolved because of changes in the industry and workforce demands placed on schools and youth culture.
In a 500-750 word essay, address the following:
Describe the evolution of career counseling from the early 20th century to today.
Explain the evolution of the variety of ideas, techniques, and implementation strategies.
Explain the changes in the school counselors role in career counseling from the early 20th century to today.
Support your essay with two to three scholarly resources.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Evolution of Career Counseling: A Journey from the Early 20th Century to Today
Career counseling has significantly evolved over the past century, adapting to the changing dynamics of industries, workforce demands, and societal norms. The field of school counseling, in particular, has played a crucial role in guiding individuals towards meaningful career paths. This essay delves into the evolution of career counseling from the early 20th century to the present day, exploring the variety of ideas, techniques, and implementation strategies that have shaped this field and examining the transformation of the school counselor’s role in career counseling.
Evolution of Career Counseling
In the early 20th century, career counseling was primarily focused on vocational guidance, aiming to match individuals with suitable jobs based on their skills and interests. The seminal work of Frank Parsons, often regarded as the father of vocational guidance, laid the foundation for structured career counseling practices. Parsons emphasized the importance of understanding one’s aptitudes, abilities, and aspirations to make informed career decisions.
As the industrial landscape evolved and educational opportunities expanded, career counseling shifted towards a more holistic approach. The mid-20th century saw the integration of psychological theories into career counseling, emphasizing self-awareness, personality assessment, and goal setting. The introduction of assessments such as the Strong Interest Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator provided individuals with valuable insights into their career preferences and work styles.
In recent decades, career counseling has embraced technology and globalization, offering virtual career assessments, online job search resources, and cross-cultural career guidance. The focus has expanded beyond traditional career paths to include entrepreneurship, freelancing, and portfolio careers. Career counselors now recognize the importance of lifelong learning and adaptability in navigating today’s dynamic job market.
Variety of Ideas, Techniques, and Implementation Strategies
The evolution of career counseling has been marked by a diverse range of ideas, techniques, and strategies aimed at empowering individuals in their career development journey. Cognitive-behavioral approaches have gained prominence in helping clients overcome career-related challenges and develop resilience in the face of setbacks. Narrative career counseling techniques focus on crafting personal career stories that align with one’s values and aspirations.
Implementation strategies have also diversified to cater to the unique needs of different populations. For instance, school counselors may use group career exploration activities to expose students to a variety of career options or offer individualized career coaching sessions to address specific concerns. Online career platforms and virtual reality simulations have enhanced access to career resources and enabled experiential learning opportunities.
Changes in the School Counselor’s Role
The role of school counselors in career counseling has undergone significant transformations over the years. In the early 20th century, school counselors primarily served as vocational guidance counselors, focusing on aptitude testing and job placement services. However, as schools recognized the importance of addressing students’ social-emotional well-being and academic success, the role of school counselors expanded to encompass comprehensive guidance services.
Today, school counselors play a multifaceted role in supporting students’ holistic development, including academic achievement, career exploration, and personal growth. They collaborate with teachers, parents, and community stakeholders to create a supportive environment that nurtures students’ aspirations and goals. School counselors also advocate for equity and access in education, helping students from diverse backgrounds navigate barriers to success in their chosen careers.
In conclusion, the evolution of career counseling from the early 20th century to today reflects a dynamic journey of adaptation, innovation, and inclusivity. As we look towards the future, it is essential for career counselors and school counselors to continue embracing emerging trends, leveraging technology, and fostering a culture of lifelong learning to empower individuals in achieving their professional aspirations.
References:
– Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (2016). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
– Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2017). Career development interventions in the 21st century (5th ed.). Pearson.
