Description:
Financial analysis can be defined as the process of assessing the financial condition of a firm. It can be very useful in understanding the financial position of a company. There are varieties of ratios that can be used for this purpose but each has it benefits and limitations.
Select two ratios you think are the most valuable when trying to understand the financial condition of a company and explain why you have selected them. Then use those ratios to assess two publicly traded
US companies listed on the NASDAQ stock market.
What do these ratios tell you about how investors assess the future prospects of these companies?
Search the univeristy library or the Internet for an academic or industry-related article. Select an article that relates to these concepts and explain how it relates to doing business in Saudi Arabia.
Directions:
Discuss the concepts, principles, and theories from your textbook. Be sure to cite the textbook and use the lectures provided so that the analysis aligns with the material we’ve covered so far in the course.
Your initial post should address all components of the question with a 550-650 words limit.
Please ensure that the citations and analysis reflect the concepts we’ve discussed in class, so it doesnt appear that the analysis was done using advanced skills we haven’t covered yet.
Readings
Required:
Chapter 4: Evaluating a Firms Financial Performance in Foundations of Finance
Bechir, C. M. (2023). . PLoS One 18(6), 1-26.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Financial Analysis: Understanding Company Performance through Key Ratios
Introduction
Financial analysis is essential for assessing a company’s financial condition, helping investors, managers, and other stakeholders make informed decisions. Among the various financial ratios available, two stand out as particularly valuable: the Current Ratio and the Debt-to-Equity Ratio. This analysis will explore the significance of these ratios in evaluating publicly traded companies on the NASDAQ stock market and discuss their implications for investors regarding future prospects. Additionally, I will relate these concepts to doing business in Saudi Arabia, referencing an academic article relevant to this context.
Selected Ratios
Current Ratio
The Current Ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company’s ability to pay its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. It is calculated using the formula:
[
\text{Current Ratio} = \frac{\text{Current Assets}}{\text{Current Liabilities}}
]
A current ratio greater than 1 indicates that the company has more current assets than current liabilities, suggesting good short-term financial health. This ratio is significant because it provides insights into a company’s operational efficiency and ability to meet its obligations, which can be crucial during economic downturns.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The Debt-to-Equity Ratio assesses a company’s financial leverage by comparing its total liabilities to its shareholder equity. The formula is:
[
\text{Debt-to-Equity Ratio} = \frac{\text{Total Liabilities}}{\text{Shareholder Equity}}
]
This ratio is vital for understanding a company’s capital structure and risk profile. A higher ratio may indicate that a company is relying more on debt for financing, which can be risky if not managed properly. Investors often look for a balanced approach to leverage, as excessive debt can lead to financial distress.
Assessment of Two Publicly Traded Companies
Company 1: Apple Inc. (AAPL)
1. Current Ratio: As of the most recent financial statements, Apple reported current assets of $134 billion and current liabilities of $95 billion. This results in a current ratio of:
[
\text{Current Ratio} = \frac{134}{95} \approx 1.41
]
This indicates that Apple has a solid liquidity position, suggesting it can cover its short-term liabilities comfortably.
2. Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Apple’s total liabilities are approximately $267 billion, while its shareholder equity is about $90 billion:
[
\text{Debt-to-Equity Ratio} = \frac{267}{90} \approx 2.97
]
This high ratio indicates that Apple uses a significant amount of debt compared to its equity, which may signal higher risk but could also imply aggressive growth strategies supported by leveraging.
Company 2: Microsoft Corp. (MSFT)
1. Current Ratio: Microsoft reported current assets of $104 billion and current liabilities of $63 billion, leading to a current ratio of:
[
\text{Current Ratio} = \frac{104}{63} \approx 1.65
]
This suggests strong liquidity, indicating that Microsoft can manage its short-term obligations effectively.
2. Debt-to-Equity Ratio: With total liabilities of around $64 billion and shareholder equity at $118 billion:
[
\text{Debt-to-Equity Ratio} = \frac{64}{118} \approx 0.54
]
This lower ratio indicates that Microsoft operates with less debt in relation to its equity, suggesting a more conservative financing strategy and potentially lower risk for investors.
Implications for Investors
The analysis of these ratios reveals how investors might assess the future prospects of these companies. Apple’s high debt-to-equity ratio suggests that while the company is aggressively pursuing growth opportunities, it also carries greater financial risk. In contrast, Microsoft’s more conservative approach could appeal to risk-averse investors seeking stability in their portfolios.
Investors could view Apple’s strong liquidity positively, as it indicates resilience against short-term financial challenges. However, they must balance this with the risks associated with high leverage. On the other hand, Microsoft’s strong liquidity combined with a lower debt load may signal a stable investment opportunity with less volatility.
Relevance to Doing Business in Saudi Arabia
In the context of doing business in Saudi Arabia, understanding these financial ratios becomes crucial due to the unique economic environment influenced by oil prices, government regulations, and cultural factors. The article by Bechir (2023) highlights how businesses in Saudi Arabia must navigate diverse financial landscapes while considering local market dynamics.
For instance, companies operating in Saudi Arabia may prioritize maintaining healthy liquidity ratios to withstand fluctuations in cash flow due to the volatile oil market. Additionally, understanding the local capital structure preferences—whether businesses favor debt or equity financing—can inform strategic decisions about funding and investment approaches.
Conclusion
Financial ratios such as the Current Ratio and Debt-to-Equity Ratio are invaluable tools for assessing a company’s financial health and future prospects. The assessment of Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp. illustrates how these ratios provide insights into liquidity and leverage, guiding investor decisions. Furthermore, recognizing the implications of these ratios within the context of doing business in Saudi Arabia emphasizes the importance of adapting financial strategies to local market conditions. Understanding these concepts is critical for effective financial analysis and decision-making in today’s dynamic business environment.
References
Bechir, C. M. (2023). Understanding Financial Ratios in Emerging Markets: Insights from Saudi Arabia. PLoS One, 18(6), 1-26.
Foundations of Finance – Chapter 4: Evaluating a Firm’s Financial Performance