Frederick Winslow Taylor is the father of scientific management.

by | Oct 23, 2024 | essay

 

Question 1 options:
TRUE
FALSE
Question 2 (Mandatory) (1 point)

Taylors scientific management is based on these four principles: data gathering, worker selection and development, integration of the science and the trained worker and redivision of the work of the business.

Question 2 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 3 (Mandatory) (1 point

The illumination program is one of the three experiments from the Western Electric Companies studies on worker productivity and morale.

Question 3 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 4 (Mandatory) (1 point)
Systematically means that feedback from a survey occurs in phases.Question 4 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 5 (Mandatory) (1 point)
The three levels of sociotechnical studies are primary work systems, whole organization systems, and interdependent systems.Question 5 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 6 (Mandatory) (1 point)
Sociotechnical systems furnish examples of the interdependence of people and the organization of tools with which they work.Question 6 options:
TRUE
FALSE
Question 7 (Mandatory) (1 point)
In-group and out-group theory and research can help to understand groups like unions and minorities.Question 7 options:
TRUE
FALSE

 

Question 8 (Mandatory) (1 point)
Organizational development downplays the importance of priorities and organization change.Question 8 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 9 (Mandatory) (1 point)
Coercive and confrontational techniques are of little use in the study of organization change.Question 9 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Question 10 (Mandatory) (1 point)
Integrating behavioral science with standard forms of management strengthen our understanding and effectiveness of organization change methodologies and processes.Question 10 options:
TRUE
FALSE

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Question 1: TRUE

  • Explanation: The Hawthorne Studies were a series of experiments conducted at the Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne Works in Chicago. The studies aimed to determine the impact of various factors on worker productivity, but they unexpectedly revealed the significance of social dynamics and psychological factors in the workplace.

Question 2: TRUE

  • Explanation: Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Scientific Management is indeed based on the four principles:

    • Data Gathering: Scientifically analyzing work processes to identify the most efficient methods.

    • Worker Selection and Development: Selecting and training workers based on their abilities and matching them to appropriate tasks.

    • Integration of Science and Trained Worker: Combining the scientific methods with the skills of the trained worker to achieve maximum efficiency.

    • Redivision of Work: Reorganizing work tasks and responsibilities to ensure a clear division of labor and optimize efficiency.

Question 1: TRUE

  • Explanation: The Hawthorne Studies were a series of experiments conducted at the Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne Works in Chicago. The studies aimed to determine the impact of various factors on worker productivity, but they unexpectedly revealed the significance of social dynamics and psychological factors in the workplace.

Question 2: TRUE

  • Explanation: Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Scientific Management is indeed based on the four principles:

    • Data Gathering: Scientifically analyzing work processes to identify the most efficient methods.

    • Worker Selection and Development: Selecting and training workers based on their abilities and matching them to appropriate tasks.

    • Integration of Science and Trained Worker: Combining the scientific methods with the skills of the trained worker to achieve maximum efficiency.

    • Redivision of Work: Reorganizing work tasks and responsibilities to ensure a clear division of labor and optimize efficiency.

Question 3: TRUE

  • Explanation: The illumination program was one of the three main experiments conducted during the Hawthorne Studies. The other two were the relay assembly test room experiment and the interviewing program.

Question 4: FALSE

  • Explanation: Systematically means that the feedback from a survey is conducted in a structured, planned, and organized manner. It doesn’t necessarily imply phases.

Question 5: TRUE

  • Explanation: The three levels of sociotechnical studies are:

    • Primary Work Systems: Focus on the interaction between people and technology in specific work units.

    • Whole Organization Systems: Examine how technology and people interact across an entire organization.

    • Interdependent Systems: Explore how different organizations or systems interact with each other.

Question 6: TRUE

  • Explanation: Sociotechnical systems emphasize the interdependence between people and the tools they use. This highlights that both human and technological factors contribute to successful work systems.

Question 7: TRUE

  • Explanation: In-group and out-group theory can be applied to understand the dynamics of groups like unions and minorities. In-groups are groups individuals identify with, while out-groups are those they feel separated from. This concept helps explain how group identities, perceptions, and behaviors influence interactions between different groups within an organization or society.

Question 8: FALSE

  • Explanation: Organizational development (OD) specifically emphasizes the importance of priorities and organizational change. OD aims to improve organizational effectiveness and adaptability through planned interventions that address both human and organizational aspects of change.

Question 9: FALSE

  • Explanation: Coercive and confrontational techniques can be used in the study of organizational change, but they are generally not considered best practices. These methods may lead to resistance, conflict, and lower morale. OD approaches favor collaborative and participatory methods.

Question 10: TRUE

  • Explanation: Integrating behavioral science with standard management practices can significantly enhance our understanding of organizational change. This integration helps to address human factors, such as motivation, communication, and resistance to change, making change management more effective.

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