Comparing and contrasting theories of risk disaster management an how the theories may inform the development of national disaster management policies.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Comparing and Contrasting Theories of Risk Disaster Management and Their Implications for National Disaster Management Policies
Introduction
Effective disaster management is essential for minimizing the impact of natural and man-made disasters on communities and ensuring swift recovery post-crisis. Various theories of risk disaster management have been developed to guide policymakers in formulating strategies to prevent, mitigate, and respond to disasters. This essay will compare and contrast key theories of risk disaster management, including the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approach and the Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM) framework, and explore how these theories can inform the development of national disaster management policies.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Approach
The Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approach focuses on reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience within communities to mitigate the impact of disasters. DRR emphasizes proactive measures such as risk assessment, early warning systems, and community engagement to prevent disasters from occurring or minimize their effects. This approach places a strong emphasis on preparedness, prevention, and capacity-building to enhance resilience at the local level.
Implications for National Disaster Management Policies:
– Preventative Measures: Incorporating DRR principles into national policies can help prioritize investments in infrastructure, early warning systems, and community training to reduce disaster risks proactively.
– Risk Assessment: Implementing comprehensive risk assessments at the national level can inform policy decisions on resource allocation and disaster response planning based on identified vulnerabilities.
– Community Engagement: Encouraging community participation in disaster preparedness and response efforts can strengthen social cohesion and empower individuals to take ownership of their safety.
Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM) Framework
The Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM) framework takes a holistic approach to disaster management by integrating various phases of the disaster cycle, including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. CEM emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, coordination among stakeholders, and the use of technology and data to enhance decision-making processes during emergencies. This framework aims to address the complex nature of disasters by fostering a coordinated and integrated response across all levels of government.
Implications for National Disaster Management Policies:
– Interagency Cooperation: Adopting a CEM framework can facilitate collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private sector partners to streamline disaster response efforts.
– Data-Driven Decisions: Utilizing technology and data analytics can improve situational awareness, resource allocation, and decision-making processes in times of crisis.
– Integration of Phases: Ensuring a seamless transition between mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases can enhance the effectiveness of disaster management policies and strategies.
Comparing and Contrasting Theories
While both DRR and CEM theories aim to enhance disaster management practices, they differ in their focus and approach:
– DRR prioritizes risk reduction through preventative measures and community engagement, emphasizing resilience-building at the local level.
– CEM takes a broader perspective by integrating all phases of the disaster cycle and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration to address complex emergencies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, theories of risk disaster management such as the DRR approach and the CEM framework offer valuable insights into enhancing national disaster management policies. By combining the proactive risk reduction strategies of DRR with the comprehensive and integrated approach of CEM, policymakers can develop robust policies that prioritize community resilience, interagency cooperation, data-driven decision-making, and effective coordination across all levels of government. By adopting a multi-faceted approach informed by these theories, nations can better prepare for and respond to disasters, ultimately safeguarding lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure in the face of crises.
References: (if applicable)
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