Integrate social determinants, ethical concerns, and human rights for high-risk and vulnerable global populations.

Scenario
As a nurse on the ethics committee of a free clinic, you are educating staff on a high-risk or vulnerable population in the community. You focus on a health condition that affects the community and also impacts the population globally. To help explain the topic, you plan to show the staff a concept map.

Instructions
Create a concept map showing the relationship of health disparities, pertinent determinants of health, ethical considerations, and human rights for a condition affecting a high-risk or vulnerable population. Your concept map should:

• Identify the main concept (a condition affecting a high-risk or vulnerable population)
• Describe the supporting subtopics of:
• Health disparities impacting the population globally
• Pertinent determinants of health (at least three)
• Ethical considerations (at least three)
• Human rights from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (at least three)

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.

God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

kay, here is a concept map outlining the relationship between health disparities, determinants of health, ethical considerations, and human rights for Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the Homeless Population (a high-risk and vulnerable global population).

Code snippet

graph TD
    A[Tuberculosis (TB) in the Homeless Population] --> B(Health Disparities Impacting Globally);
    A --> C(Pertinent Determinants of Health);
    A --> D(Ethical Considerations);
    A --> E(Human Rights from UDHR);

    B --> B1[Higher Incidence Rates];
    B --> B2[Delayed Diagnosis & Treatment];
    B --> B3[Poorer Treatment Outcomes];
    B --> B4[Increased Drug Resistance];

    C --> C1[Socioeconomic Status (Poverty, Lack of Income)];
    C --> C2[Living Conditions (Overcrowding, Poor Sanitation, Exposure)];
    C --> C3[Access to Healthcare (Limited Access, Stigma, Trust Issues)];
    C --> C4[Nutrition & Malnourishment];
    C --> C5[Substance Use & Co-occurring Conditions];

    D --> D1[Justice & Equity (Unequal Burden of Disease)];
    D --> D2[Respect for Autonomy (Informed Consent for Testing & Treatment)];
    D --> D3[Beneficence & Non-Maleficence (Providing Care vs. Risk of Transmission)];
    D --> D4[Social Justice (Addressing Systemic Issues Contributing to Homelessness & TB)];

    E --> E1["Article 25: Right to a Standard of Living Adequate for Health and Well-being"];
    E --> E2["Article 12: Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health"];
    E --> E3["Article 3: Right to Life, Liberty and Security of Person"];
    E --> E4["Article 7: Right to Equality Before the Law and Equal Protection"];

Explanation of the Concept Map:

  • Main Concept: Tuberculosis (TB) in the Homeless Population is the central focus. This condition significantly affects a globally vulnerable group.

  • Supporting Subtopics:

    • B (Health Disparities Impacting Globally): The homeless population worldwide experiences significant health disparities related to TB, including:

      • B1: Higher Incidence Rates: Homeless individuals have a disproportionately higher risk of contracting TB compared to the general population.
      • B2: Delayed Diagnosis & Treatment: Barriers to accessing healthcare often lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation.

kay, here is a concept map outlining the relationship between health disparities, determinants of health, ethical considerations, and human rights for Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the Homeless Population (a high-risk and vulnerable global population).

Code snippet

graph TD
    A[Tuberculosis (TB) in the Homeless Population] --> B(Health Disparities Impacting Globally);
    A --> C(Pertinent Determinants of Health);
    A --> D(Ethical Considerations);
    A --> E(Human Rights from UDHR);

    B --> B1[Higher Incidence Rates];
    B --> B2[Delayed Diagnosis & Treatment];
    B --> B3[Poorer Treatment Outcomes];
    B --> B4[Increased Drug Resistance];

    C --> C1[Socioeconomic Status (Poverty, Lack of Income)];
    C --> C2[Living Conditions (Overcrowding, Poor Sanitation, Exposure)];
    C --> C3[Access to Healthcare (Limited Access, Stigma, Trust Issues)];
    C --> C4[Nutrition & Malnourishment];
    C --> C5[Substance Use & Co-occurring Conditions];

    D --> D1[Justice & Equity (Unequal Burden of Disease)];
    D --> D2[Respect for Autonomy (Informed Consent for Testing & Treatment)];
    D --> D3[Beneficence & Non-Maleficence (Providing Care vs. Risk of Transmission)];
    D --> D4[Social Justice (Addressing Systemic Issues Contributing to Homelessness & TB)];

    E --> E1["Article 25: Right to a Standard of Living Adequate for Health and Well-being"];
    E --> E2["Article 12: Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health"];
    E --> E3["Article 3: Right to Life, Liberty and Security of Person"];
    E --> E4["Article 7: Right to Equality Before the Law and Equal Protection"];

Explanation of the Concept Map:

  • Main Concept: Tuberculosis (TB) in the Homeless Population is the central focus. This condition significantly affects a globally vulnerable group.

  • Supporting Subtopics:

    • B (Health Disparities Impacting Globally): The homeless population worldwide experiences significant health disparities related to TB, including:

      • B1: Higher Incidence Rates: Homeless individuals have a disproportionately higher risk of contracting TB compared to the general population.
      • B2: Delayed Diagnosis & Treatment: Barriers to accessing healthcare often lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation.
      • B3: Poorer Treatment Outcomes: Factors like unstable living conditions, poor nutrition, and co-occurring conditions can contribute to lower treatment success rates.
      • B4: Increased Drug Resistance: Interrupted treatment due to homelessness and lack of support can increase the risk of developing drug-resistant TB.
    • C (Pertinent Determinants of Health): Several interconnected determinants of health contribute to the high burden of TB in the homeless population:

      • C1: Socioeconomic Status (Poverty, Lack of Income): Poverty limits access to adequate housing, nutrition, and healthcare.
      • C2: Living Conditions (Overcrowding, Poor Sanitation, Exposure): Homeless shelters and unsheltered living often involve crowded conditions and poor sanitation, facilitating TB transmission and increasing exposure to environmental risks.
      • C3: Access to Healthcare (Limited Access, Stigma, Trust Issues): Homeless individuals face numerous barriers to accessing healthcare, including lack of insurance, transportation, stigma from healthcare providers, and mistrust of the system.
      • C4: Nutrition & Malnourishment: Poor nutrition weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to TB and hindering treatment response.
      • C5: Substance Use & Co-occurring Conditions: Substance use and other co-occurring health conditions can further complicate TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment adherence.
    • D (Ethical Considerations): Addressing TB in the homeless population raises several critical ethical considerations:

      • D1: Justice & Equity (Unequal Burden of Disease): The disproportionate impact of TB on the homeless population highlights issues of social injustice and inequity in healthcare access and outcomes.
      • D2: Respect for Autonomy (Informed Consent for Testing & Treatment): Ensuring homeless individuals understand and voluntarily consent to TB testing and treatment, while respecting their right to make decisions about their health, can be challenging due to mental health issues, substance use, or mistrust.
      • D3: Beneficence & Non-Maleficence (Providing Care vs. Risk of Transmission): Balancing the ethical obligation to provide care to individuals with TB with the need to protect the broader community from transmission requires careful consideration of public health measures and individual rights.
      • D4: Social Justice (Addressing Systemic Issues Contributing to Homelessness & TB): Recognizing that homelessness itself is a significant social determinant of health necessitates addressing the systemic issues that contribute to both homelessness and the vulnerability to TB.
    • E (Human Rights from UDHR): The situation of TB in the homeless population directly implicates several fundamental human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):

      • E1: Article 25: Right to a Standard of Living Adequate for Health and Well-being: This includes access to housing, food, clothing, medical care, and necessary social services, all of which are often lacking for the homeless.
      • E2: Article 12: Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health: The barriers faced by the homeless in accessing TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment directly violate this right.
      • E3: Article 3: Right to Life, Liberty and Security of Person: Untreated TB can be life-threatening, and public health measures, if not implemented ethically, could potentially infringe on the liberty and security of homeless individuals.
      • E4: Article 7: Right to Equality Before the Law and Equal Protection: Stigma and discrimination against the homeless can lead to unequal treatment in healthcare settings and violate their right to equal protection under the law.

This concept map illustrates the complex interplay of health disparities, social determinants, ethical principles, and human rights in the context of TB affecting the highly vulnerable homeless population. Addressing this health issue effectively requires a multi-faceted approach that considers all these dimensions.

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