This chapter suggested how race and social class or socioeconomic status (SES) can influence the likelihood of arrest. Are discrepancies in arrest for black versus white sellers and users, and lower and working class versus middle-class sellers and users, solely due to race and class bias and discrimination, or are other factors at work—for instance, use and purchase patterns and law enforcement-to-seller-and-user points of contact—that might influence these discrepancies?