Write about some insights to be able to implement when you are reviewing evidence-based research literature for quality and clinical application in the future including how to evaluate evidence-based research literature and clinical guidelines for the appropriate use of evidence-based research literature.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Insights for Reviewing Evidence-Based Research Literature: Evaluating Quality and Clinical Application
Introduction
In the evolving landscape of healthcare, the integration of evidence-based research into clinical practice is paramount for improving patient outcomes and ensuring quality care. As healthcare professionals, the ability to critically review and apply research literature is essential. This paper outlines key insights for evaluating evidence-based research literature and clinical guidelines, emphasizing the appropriate use of such literature in clinical settings.
Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. It moves beyond anecdotal experiences or traditional practices, emphasizing data-driven decision-making. The following insights will guide future professionals in assessing the quality of research literature and its applicability in clinical settings.
Insights for Evaluating Research Literature
1. Formulate a Clear Clinical Question
Before diving into research literature, it is crucial to formulate a clear and focused clinical question. Using frameworks like PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) can help clarify the inquiry (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). A well-defined question guides the search for relevant studies and helps in assessing the applicability of findings.
2. Search for High-Quality Sources
Not all research literature is created equal. When searching for evidence, prioritize peer-reviewed journals, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses over opinion pieces or non-empirical articles. Resources such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar can provide access to reliable studies. Governmental or professional organization guidelines can also serve as high-quality sources.
3. Assess Study Design and Methodology
Understanding the study design is crucial in evaluating the quality of research. Different designs—such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, and qualitative research—offer varying levels of evidence (Guyatt et al., 2011). RCTs are often considered the gold standard for establishing causality. Additionally, scrutinize the sample size, control measures, and data collection methods to determine the credibility of the findings.
4. Evaluate Results and Conclusions
Once the study design is assessed, focus on the results and conclusions. Look for statistical significance and clinical relevance. Are the findings applicable to your patient population? Consider potential biases and confounding factors that may affect the study’s validity. The discussion section often highlights limitations that can provide insight into the applicability of the research in clinical practice.
5. Consider Clinical Guidelines
Clinical guidelines synthesized from systematic reviews provide evidence-based recommendations for practice. These guidelines should be evaluated for their development process, including the rigor of evidence appraisal and consensus among experts in the field. The AGREE II Instrument is a useful tool for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines (Brouwers et al., 2010).
Appropriate Use of Evidence-Based Research Literature
1. Integrate Evidence with Clinical Expertise
While evidence-based literature provides valuable insights, it must be integrated with clinical expertise and patient values. Each patient is unique, and considerations such as individual preferences, cultural factors, and specific medical histories should inform decision-making alongside research findings.
2. Engage in Continuous Learning
The field of healthcare is dynamic, with new research emerging regularly. Engaging in continuous education through workshops, seminars, and professional organizations can enhance an understanding of current evidence-based practices. Regularly updating knowledge ensures that clinicians remain informed about emerging trends and research implications.
3. Collaborate with Interdisciplinary Teams
Collaboration with interdisciplinary teams can enhance the application of evidence-based research in clinical settings. Sharing insights and experiences with colleagues from various backgrounds encourages a more holistic approach to patient care and promotes adherence to best practices.
4. Monitor Outcomes
Implementing evidence-based interventions requires monitoring the outcomes to assess effectiveness continually. Feedback loops can help identify areas for improvement and adjustments needed to refine practice further. Documenting outcomes contributes to a growing body of knowledge that can inform future clinical decisions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, reviewing evidence-based research literature is a critical skill for healthcare professionals aiming to provide high-quality care. By formulating focused clinical questions, searching for high-quality sources, assessing study designs, evaluating results, and integrating evidence with clinical expertise, practitioners can make informed decisions that enhance patient outcomes. Additionally, engaging in continuous learning and collaboration fosters an environment where evidence-based practices thrive. As healthcare continues to evolve, these insights will serve as a foundation for implementing quality care based on robust evidence.
References
– Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Cluzeau, F., Coteur, J., Ferguson, J., … & Graham, I. D. (2010). AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in healthcare. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 182(18), E839-E842.
– Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Schünemann, H. J. (2011). GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 343.
– Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Wolters Kluwer Health.
This structured approach provides clear insights for future healthcare professionals on effectively evaluating and applying evidence-based research literature in clinical practice while fostering a culture of continuous improvement and collaboration.
