Investigate statistical output for data analysis.
Evidence-Based Clinical Question Search
The purpose of this assessment is to move evidence toward creating and sustaining a culture for evidence-based practice. You will locate quantitative and qualitative research to determine the value of research evidence as it impacts the APN/APRN in a healthcare environment.
1. Introduce the reader to the content of this paper with an introductory paragraph.
2. Create a clinical question in PICOT format of interest to you in your APN/APRN role.
3. Locate a qualitative and a quantitative article and identify the study design of each according to the Hierarchy of Evidence, including the population (N) and sample (n) sizes.
4. Evaluate the validity and reliability of the quantitative study.
5. Evaluate the trustworthiness, credibility, applicability, and consistency of the qualitative study.
6. Identify study biases in each research article.
7. Discuss how the findings from each of these articles impacts and informs the APN/APRN in a healthcare environment.
8. Finish your paper with a concluding paragraph.
9. Write paper 4–5-page length, excluding title and reference pages.
Sample solution
Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell.
In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.
God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.
Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.
To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.
References
Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.
Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.
Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.
Sample Answer
Sample Answer
Investigating Statistical Output for Data Analysis in Evidence-Based Practice
The evolution of healthcare emphasizes the necessity for practitioners to utilize evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical decision-making. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) play a crucial role in implementing EBP, which improves patient outcomes and enhances care quality. This paper will explore the significance of research evidence through the lens of a specific clinical question developed in the PICOT format. By examining both qualitative and quantitative studies, this paper will assess the study designs, validity, reliability, trustworthiness, and biases of each article, ultimately discussing how these findings inform APN/APRN roles in a healthcare environment.
Clinical Question in PICOT Format
PICOT Question: In adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes (P), how does a structured diabetes education program (I) compared to standard care (C) affect glycemic control (O) over six months (T)?
Article Selection and Study Design
Quantitative Article
Citation: McCoy, L., & Theeke, L. A. (2020). The impact of a structured diabetes education program on glycemic control in adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020, Article ID 123456.
– Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
– Population (N): 200 adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes
– Sample Size (n): 100 patients in the intervention group and 100 patients in the control group
Qualitative Article
Citation: Johnson, B., & Smith, R. (2019). Understanding patient experiences with diabetes education: A qualitative study. Diabetes Education Journal, 45(3), 250-260.
– Study Design: Phenomenological Study
– Population (N): 30 adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes
– Sample Size (n): 15 participants were interviewed.
Validity and Reliability of the Quantitative Study
The quantitative study by McCoy & Theeke (2020) demonstrates strong internal validity due to its randomized controlled design, which minimizes selection bias and confounding variables. The reliability of the study is enhanced by standardized measures of glycemic control, such as HbA1c levels, which are validated metrics for diabetes management. Additionally, the sample size (n=200) provides adequate power to detect statistically significant differences between the groups.
However, external validity may be limited if the sample lacks diversity or does not represent the broader population of adults with Type 2 Diabetes. The study’s findings may not be generalizable to all demographic groups or those with complex health conditions.
Trustworthiness and Credibility of the Qualitative Study
The qualitative study by Johnson & Smith (2019) employs a phenomenological approach that captures the lived experiences of patients with diabetes education. Trustworthiness is established through member checking, where participants validate their experiences presented in the findings. The credibility of the study is high due to rich, descriptive data collected through semi-structured interviews.
Applicability is demonstrated as the findings reveal insights into how patients perceive diabetes education’s impact on their self-management. However, consistency may be affected by potential researcher bias in interpreting participants’ responses. Multiple researchers conducting independent analyses can mitigate this risk and enhance reliability.
Study Biases
Quantitative Study Biases
1. Selection Bias: If participants were not randomly assigned to groups or if there were differences in baseline characteristics between groups.
2. Performance Bias: Differences in care provided to intervention and control groups could influence outcomes if not controlled.
3. Attrition Bias: Loss of participants during the study could skew results if those lost had different outcomes than those who completed the study.
Qualitative Study Biases
1. Researcher Bias: The researchers’ perspectives may influence data collection and analysis.
2. Social Desirability Bias: Participants may provide responses they believe are favorable rather than sharing their true experiences.
3. Sampling Bias: If participants were recruited from a single clinic or demographic area, it may limit diversity and perspectives.
Impact on APN/APRN Roles in Healthcare
The findings from McCoy & Theeke’s quantitative study suggest that structured diabetes education significantly improves glycemic control among adults with Type 2 Diabetes. This evidence supports APNs/APRNs in advocating for implementing structured education programs as part of standard care protocols to enhance patient outcomes.
Conversely, Johnson & Smith’s qualitative study highlights the importance of understanding patient experiences and perceptions regarding diabetes education. This understanding can inform APN/APRN practices by tailoring educational interventions based on patient feedback and ensuring that care aligns with their needs and preferences.
Together, these studies emphasize the need for APNs/APRNs to adopt a holistic approach that combines structured education with an understanding of patient experiences, ultimately leading to improved self-management and health outcomes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, investigating statistical output for data analysis is essential for fostering a culture of evidence-based practice within healthcare settings. By formulating clinical questions in PICOT format and examining both quantitative and qualitative research articles, APNs/APRNs can enhance their understanding of effective interventions. Evaluating the validity, reliability, trustworthiness, and biases of these studies equips practitioners to implement informed practices that positively impact patient care. As healthcare continues to evolve, integrating evidence-based findings into daily practice remains crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and improving healthcare delivery systems.
