Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics

by | Oct 12, 2021 | journalism

  1. Describe both the population and sample of potential participants for your study. Include the size of each group and indicate the inclusion and exclusion criteria you are using to define and select your sample.
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  2. Locate and review the following article for information on what it means to be a vulnerable subject in research:
    • Sieber, J. E. (2008). Protecting the vulnerable: Who are they? Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: An International Journal, 3(1), 1-2. doi:10.1525/jer.2008.3.1.1
    Are participants in your research project considered vulnerable? Explain what makes them vulnerable. What will you do to mitigate any risks associated with the vulnerability of this group?
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  3. Outline the specifics for recruiting individuals for your study. What materials will be used to conduct the recruitment?
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  4. Do you need any permissions to access and recruit these individuals? Why or why not?
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  5. What will you do if you are unable to obtain permission to access and recruit these individuals for research? In other words, what is your backup plan?
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    Informed Consent
    GUIDANCE – Informed Consent
    FORMS – Informed Consent
  6. What is meant by informed consent?
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  7. How do you plan to gather informed consent from your study participants?
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  8. Will you:
    a. Use a regular informed consent procedure;
    b. Request to waive or alter the regular informed consent procedure; or
    c. Request to waive documentation of informed consent?
    Explain your decision.
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    Data Collection
    GUIDANCE – Data Access and Use Permissions
    GUIDANCE – Pilot Studies, Field Tests & IRB Review
    GUIDANCE – Privacy, Confidentiality & Anonymity
  9. Describe the instruments needed to collect your data (i.e., surveys, interview questionnaires, observation protocols, and so forth).
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  10. Is permission needed to use any of the instruments in your study? If so, how do you intend to obtain permission?
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  11. Do your instruments need to be validated using a pilot test or field study? Explain whether this activity will take place before or after your IRB review?
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  12. If your data already exists (archived data), what permissions are needed to access this data for research purposes?
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  13. What makes your data anonymous or confidential?
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  14. Where will you collect your data (i.e., where will interviews, observations, or surveys take place)? Do you need to implement any strategies to ensure the confidentiality of participants during data collection? If so, describe these plans.
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    Data Management
    GUIDANCE – Data Management
  15. Will your data include individual identifiers? Can you remove these identifiers to protect confidentiality? If so, describe when the identifiers will be removed and how they will be destroyed.
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  16. Is your data going to be collected and maintained as hard copies or as electronic files? Do your data management plans adequately describe how this particular data will be securely maintained?
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    Ethical Principles
    Review your recruitment plans, informed consent process, data collection strategies, and data management plans as outlined above and respond to the following questions.
  17. How do your plans reflect your understanding of the ethical principle of “Respect for Persons”?
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  18. How do your plans reflect your understanding of the ethical principle of “Beneficence”?
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  19. How do your plans reflect your understanding of the ethical principle of “Justice”?
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Sample Solution

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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