Legal Memorandum

by | Mar 22, 2024 | Law

 

Review the following message from the Chief Executive Officer of the company where you are the in-house counsel, attorney, and advise the Chief Executive Officer in a legal memorandum.

The Chief Executive Officer of the company that engages in commerce has communicated the following concern:

The company has three warehouses in New York City, New York. The company hired three new warehouse senior associates six months ago with the exact same job description, duties, scope of work, and size of warehouse. The three associates are Mary, Esther, and Mark. Mary is 28 years old, has six years of experience working in Germany as a tour guide, and is fluent in the German language. Esther is 28 years old, has six years of experience as a clerical associate at a veterinary clinic, and has a Certificate in Equine Veterinary Assistant from Post University. Mark is 28 years old, has six years of experience working as a warehouse, inventory & logistics specialist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Supply Chain Management from Pennsylvania State University, and completed the Global Supply Chain Management Program at Aresty Institute of Executive Education at the University of Pennsylvania. The company knew of Mark’s education and experience when it hired Mark. Mark is being paid 35% less than Mary and Esther. Mark asked for a pay raise to make his salary equal to Mary and Esther. The company did not give Mark a pay raise. Mark plans to file a lawsuit for pay discrimination based on sex if his pay not increased. The Equal Pay Act permits unequal pay for equal work if it is the result of wages being set pursuant to: “(ii) a merit system; (iii) a system which measures earnings by quantity or quality of production; or (iv) a differential based on any other factor other than sex” (Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 as amended, Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S. Code § 206(d)(1)).

Prompt: Based on the facts in the scenario and the law, identify and explain the exception “a differential based on any other factor other than sex” 29 U.S. Code § 206(d)(1)). Conclude whether the company can use this exception as a valid defense against a claim for pay discrimination based on sex and analyze why or why not. Provide legal recommendations to the Chief Executive Officer regarding the pay discrepancy and possible lawsuit.

 

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Answer

Sample Answer

 

Legal Memorandum

To: Chief Executive Officer

From: In-House Counsel

Date: [Date]

Re: Potential Pay Discrimination Claim by Employee Mark

I. Introduction

The issue at hand involves a potential pay discrimination claim by Employee Mark based on sex, as he is being paid 35% less than his female counterparts, Mary and Esther, despite performing equal work. In this memorandum, we will analyze whether the company can utilize the exception “a differential based on any other factor other than sex” as a valid defense against Mark’s claim under the Equal Pay Act.

II. Analysis of the Exception

The Equal Pay Act allows for pay differentials based on factors other than sex, such as a merit system, quantity or quality of production, or any other factor unrelated to gender. In this case, the company may argue that Mark’s lower salary is justified based on his prior experience and education in warehouse management, inventory, and logistics compared to Mary and Esther’s backgrounds in tour guiding and veterinary assistance, respectively.

Mark’s Bachelor of Arts degree in Supply Chain Management and completion of the Global Supply Chain Management Program could be deemed as unique qualifications that justify a differential in pay. The company may assert that these qualifications are a legitimate basis for setting Mark’s salary lower than Mary and Esther.

III. Conclusion

Upon thorough examination of the facts and relevant legal provisions, it is plausible for the company to use the exception “a differential based on any other factor other than sex” as a valid defense against Mark’s claim for pay discrimination. Given Mark’s specialized education and extensive experience in warehouse management and logistics, the pay differential could be justified under this exception.

IV. Recommendations

1. Conduct a detailed review of the job responsibilities and qualifications of each warehouse senior associate to ensure consistency and fairness in pay scales.

2. Consider negotiating with Mark to understand his concerns regarding pay inequity and explore potential solutions that align with company policies and legal obligations.

3. Engage in proactive measures to prevent future claims of pay discrimination by ensuring transparent and equitable pay practices across all employees.

In conclusion, while the company may have grounds to defend against Mark’s potential lawsuit based on the exception provided in the Equal Pay Act, it is essential to address the underlying concerns raised by Mark to maintain a harmonious work environment and uphold principles of fairness and equality in compensation practices.

Please feel free to reach out for further clarification or assistance in handling this matter effectively.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]
In-House Counsel

 

 

 

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