Nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure
What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?
Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.
Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.
IV furosemide (Lasix) Enalapril (Vasotec) Metoprolol (Lopressor) IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)
Case Scenario
Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and sleep apnea. She has been smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 40 years and has refused to quit. Three days ago, she had an onset of flu with fever, pharyngitis, and malaise. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or her medications to control her heart failure for 4 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure.
•What are the major organs and cellular components of the body's defense against foreign antigens?
•How do immune cells communicate through cell-to-cell interactions and through secreted cytokines?
•How do innate and adaptive immune mechanisms differ?
•How do macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes work together to locate, recognize, and eliminate pathogens?
•What is the role of MHC class I and II proteins in cell- mediated immunity?
•Why is an immune response usually more effective on subsequent exposure to an antigen than after the first exposure?
•How do noncellular immune system components, including antibodies, complement, and clotting factors, aid the immune response?