PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Dementia and UTI

by | Mar 12, 2023 | Healthcare

 

EB is an 81-year-old female presenting short-term memory loss and confusion at times. We were diagnosed with Dementia, and she has a urinary tract infection secondary to dementia. She’s taking risperidone for her UTI and trazodone.
Could you please do a separate PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Dementia and UTI?

Note: The Pathophysiology of Admitting Diagnosis must be detailed.

For risk factors, explain why. Like for example, age- why? It must be detailed.

As much as possible, use the Pathophysiology book by Banasik, J.L, but I’m sorry, I don’t have a pdf copy of that book.

 

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Solution

Pathophysiology of Dementia: Dementia is a group of cognitive symptoms that are caused by structural, biochemical or metabolic changes in the brain. It is characterized by progressive decline in memory and other cognitive functions such as language and reasoning skills. The exact cause of dementia is not known but it has been linked to various risk factors including age, genetics, exposure to toxins, cardiovascular disease and head trauma.

Sample Solution

Pathophysiology of Dementia: Dementia is a group of cognitive symptoms that are caused by structural, biochemical or metabolic changes in the brain. It is characterized by progressive decline in memory and other cognitive functions such as language and reasoning skills. The exact cause of dementia is not known but it has been linked to various risk factors including age, genetics, exposure to toxins, cardiovascular disease and head trauma.

Structural changes associated with dementia include neuronal loss which results in reduced levels of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) leading to impaired learning & memory . Neurotransmission between neurons also becomes affected as brain cells degenerate due to decreased oxygen supply which can lead to further cognitive deficits. Furthermore , accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles have been observed in several cases suggesting that these too may contribute towards development of dementia.

Pathophysiology of UTI: A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria enters the urinary system through the urethra and begins multiplying within the bladder wall leading to inflammation and irritation. Symptoms usually include burning sensation during urination, frequent urges to urinate, cloudy urine etc . Risk factors for developing UTIs include gender (being female ), advancing age , diabetes mellitus , kidney stones , weakened immune system , recent sexual intercourse & use of certain contraceptives like spermicides or diaphragms etc.

In terms of elderly patients like EB who have been diagnosed with dementia , there is an increased likelihood for developing UTIs due to their weakened immunity combined with poor hygiene habits & inability remember when they last used the bathroom ; all these conditions create a favorable environment for bacterial growth leading up infection if left untreated.

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