The purpose of this topic in the literature review is to compare and contrast Sri Lankan and Australian education, and how these have evolved to cope up with current global educational trends. This study will be mainly focused on Different kinds of approaches used in primary and secondary settings in two countries and whether these two educational systems have succeeded in thriving students’ skills and capabilities according to the social and economic demands. And two countries’ primary and secondary sectors will be analyzed under pedagogical approaches in teaching and learning, how the school curriculum is made according to its cultural and social requirements, and how assessment is used as a tool for students’ learning outcomes in both counties.