Physical Activity

by | Dec 14, 2022 | nutrition

  1. The four components of fitness are _________, _______, ______, and _______________.
  2. Aerobic activity increases VO2 max and lowers ______________. Examples of aerobic activity are __________ and _________.
  3. Anaerobic activity consists of ________ of ________ activity, lasting about _ seconds.
  4. Muscle strengthening activities cause muscles to increase in strength/size, known as _________________. It also builds muscle ________.
  5. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends minutes of moderate-intensity or __________minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise weekly and performing muscle-strengthening activities at least __ days/week.
  6. Aerobic activity raises heart rate to _ of maximum. As we get older, our max heart rate _____________. (see graph on “Exercise in the aerobic zone” slide for help)
  7. What are some of the benefits of exercise?
  8. Aerobic metabolism is done when __ is present and uses ____, ___, and _ for fuel. It produces __ ATP compared to anaerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism is used at rest and for light/moderate activity.
  9. Anaerobic metabolism only uses ____ for fuel. This is done when intensity of activity increases.
  10. In the first few seconds of a workout, ATP is supplied by ATP-creatine phosphate. Since this is limited, while inadequate oxygen is available, ____ metabolism uses blood or muscle ______ to make ATP. Once oxygen delivery has increased enough, we switch to ______ metabolism, which uses both _________ and _____ to make ATP.
  11. Are amino acids a predominant source of fuel for exercise? Yes or no? _
  12. Fatigue or “hitting the wall” occurs when ___ stores are depleted. Athletes can maximize stores by __________for 1-3 days before competition while eating a very _______ carbohydrate diet, consisting of – _ g carb/kg of body weight/day.
  13. Describe the macronutrient needs for athletes:
    a. Carbs:
    b. Fat:
    c. Protein: (be specific with recommendations for both strength & endurance athletes!)
  14. The purpose of water is to transport ___ and ___ to muscles, and to remove waste. It also _______________________ so we don’t overheat. Without adequate water, __________ can occur, which reduces performance.
  15. Describe the fluid recommendations for athletes:
    a. Before exercise:
    b. During exercise:
    c. After exercise:
    d. For exercise lasting <1hr: e. For exercise lasting >1hr:
  16. An example of a meal you should consume before exercise is ____________. (contains high carbohydrate, moderate protein and fat, low fiber)
  17. An example of something you can consume during exercise is ___________. (contains carbohydrate and electrolytes)
  18. An example of something you should consume after exercise is ___________. (contains sodium, high carbohydrate, and protein)

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

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