Psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology

by | Mar 2, 2023 | agriculture

 

 

 

Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology?
Psychotherapy is used with individuals as well as in groups or families. The idea of discussing confidential information with a patient in front of an audience is probably quite foreign to you. However, in group and family therapy, this is precisely what the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner does. In your role, learning how to provide this type of therapy within the limits of confidentiality is essential.
For this Discussion, you will consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis and analyze the ways in which legal and ethical considerations differ in the individual, family, and group therapy settings.
To prepare:
• Review this week’s Learning Resources, reflecting on foundational concepts of psychotherapy, biological and social impacts on psychotherapy, and legal and ethical issues across the modalities (individual, family, and group).
• Search the Walden Library databases for scholarly, peer-reviewed articles that inform and support your academic perspective on these topics.

Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments. Describe how legal and ethical considerations for group and family therapy differ from those for individual therapy, and explain how these differences might impact your therapeutic approaches for clients in group, individual, and family therapy. Support your rationale with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

Sample solution

Dante Alighieri played a critical role in the literature world through his poem Divine Comedy that was written in the 14th century. The poem contains Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The Inferno is a description of the nine circles of torment that are found on the earth. It depicts the realms of the people that have gone against the spiritual values and who, instead, have chosen bestial appetite, violence, or fraud and malice. The nine circles of hell are limbo, lust, gluttony, greed and wrath. Others are heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dante’s Inferno in the perspective of its portrayal of God’s image and the justification of hell. 

In this epic poem, God is portrayed as a super being guilty of multiple weaknesses including being egotistic, unjust, and hypocritical. Dante, in this poem, depicts God as being more human than divine by challenging God’s omnipotence. Additionally, the manner in which Dante describes Hell is in full contradiction to the morals of God as written in the Bible. When god arranges Hell to flatter Himself, He commits egotism, a sin that is common among human beings (Cheney, 2016). The weakness is depicted in Limbo and on the Gate of Hell where, for instance, God sends those who do not worship Him to Hell. This implies that failure to worship Him is a sin.


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God is also depicted as lacking justice in His actions thus removing the godly image. The injustice is portrayed by the manner in which the sodomites and opportunists are treated. The opportunists are subjected to banner chasing in their lives after death followed by being stung by insects and maggots. They are known to having done neither good nor bad during their lifetimes and, therefore, justice could have demanded that they be granted a neutral punishment having lived a neutral life. The sodomites are also punished unfairly by God when Brunetto Lattini is condemned to hell despite being a good leader (Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). While he commited sodomy, God chooses to ignore all the other good deeds that Brunetto did.

Finally, God is also portrayed as being hypocritical in His actions, a sin that further diminishes His godliness and makes Him more human. A case in point is when God condemns the sin of egotism and goes ahead to commit it repeatedly. Proverbs 29:23 states that “arrogance will bring your downfall, but if you are humble, you will be respected.” When Slattery condemns Dante’s human state as being weak, doubtful, and limited, he is proving God’s hypocrisy because He is also human (Verdicchio, 2015). The actions of God in Hell as portrayed by Dante are inconsistent with the Biblical literature. Both Dante and God are prone to making mistakes, something common among human beings thus making God more human.

To wrap it up, Dante portrays God is more human since He commits the same sins that humans commit: egotism, hypocrisy, and injustice. Hell is justified as being a destination for victims of the mistakes committed by God. The Hell is presented as being a totally different place as compared to what is written about it in the Bible. As a result, reading through the text gives an image of God who is prone to the very mistakes common to humans thus ripping Him off His lofty status of divine and, instead, making Him a mere human. Whether or not Dante did it intentionally is subject to debate but one thing is clear in the poem: the misconstrued notion of God is revealed to future generations.

 

References

Babor, T. F., McGovern, T., & Robaina, K. (2017). Dante’s inferno: Seven deadly sins in scientific publishing and how to avoid them. Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 267.

Cheney, L. D. G. (2016). Illustrations for Dante’s Inferno: A Comparative Study of Sandro Botticelli, Giovanni Stradano, and Federico Zuccaro. Cultural and Religious Studies, 4(8), 487.

Verdicchio, M. (2015). Irony and Desire in Dante’s” Inferno” 27. Italica, 285-297.

Sample Solution

Yes, psychotherapy does have a biological basis. Neuroimaging studies have shown that psychotherapy can lead to changes in brain chemistry and neuronal pathways which result in different physiological responses within the body. For example, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to reduce negative emotions such as fear or anxiety by encouraging people to recognize and challenge irrational thoughts or cognitive distortions which can cause these feelings. This type of therapy also activates certain areas of the brain associated with emotional regulation and decreases activity in other areas related to stress response.

Sample Solution

Yes, psychotherapy does have a biological basis. Neuroimaging studies have shown that psychotherapy can lead to changes in brain chemistry and neuronal pathways which result in different physiological responses within the body. For example, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to reduce negative emotions such as fear or anxiety by encouraging people to recognize and challenge irrational thoughts or cognitive distortions which can cause these feelings. This type of therapy also activates certain areas of the brain associated with emotional regulation and decreases activity in other areas related to stress response.

Culture, religion, and socioeconomics can all influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments due to how they shape our beliefs about mental health issues and how we view them. Those from more traditional backgrounds may be less likely to seek out help for mental health issues than those who come from more progressive backgrounds due to stigma or religious beliefs about seeking outside help for psychological conditions such as depression or anxiety.

Legal and ethical considerations for group and family therapy differ from those for individual therapy mainly because there are now multiple individuals involved who need their confidentiality protected at all times. In addition, informed consent must be obtained before any therapeutic activities commence in order ensure that everyone is aware of what will take place during sessions as well as potential risks associated with participation. It is also important for therapists understand dynamics between members an attempt keep balance power order avoid instances where some participants might feel like their opinions not taken into account when decisions being made Lastly approaches used each setting must tailored meet needs specific client overall goal being provide treatment will most benefit them long run

The sources I am using are:
Browne-Smith R., & Sideridis G (2019). A systematic review on neurobiological aspects of brief dynamic psychotherapies: Possible common mechanisms? Journal Of Affective Disorders, 246(1), 674-688.
Lancaster C., & Oliveira JT (2017). Mental Health Stigma within Different Ethnic Groups: A Systematic Review And Literature Synthesis Of Qualitative Studies From Low‐And Middle‐Income Countries. International Journal Of Social Psychiatry 63(5): 430-447.
Kangas M., Soderholm JF., Raes F (2020). Biological Mechanisms Mediating Effects in Psychological Therapies: An Overview Based On Reviews Published Between 2015–2018.. Frontiers In Psychology 11:1926 the primary offender’s behavior is different from a non-psychopathic criminal.

I chose Case Study #1 – Paul. From the description of Paul’s behavior, he demonstrates features of an undisciplined psychopath. He has a history of aggressive and illegal behaviors such as burglary, robbery, assault, and numerous drug charges which demonstrate his disregard for other people’s rights or safety. His relationships with others are emotionally detached and parasitic in nature; he is verbally and physically abusive towards his partners. His volatile temperament shows that he lacks any sense of obligation or responsibility to anyone else and there is no empathy displayed when committing crimes against victims.

The primary offender’s behavior differs from a non-psychopathic criminal in several ways. Unlike a non-psychopath, Paul does not show remorse for his actions nor does he feel responsible for the consequences of them; instead he displays impulsivity by engaging in high risk behaviors without considering potential repercussions or consequences beforehand. Non-psychopaths may also display some aggression but typically this is driven by an emotional response rather than sheer lack of empathy like we see with Paul’s case. Furthermore, non-psychopaths often have developed social skills due to their ability to empathize with others whereas Paul does not display these same skills indicating that his affective/emotional deficits prevent him from forming meaningful relationships with others which further contributes to his antisocial behaviors

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