- Design a 4×1 patch antenna array with corporate feed network at 2.5 GHz with FR4 substrate for inter-element spacing of 0.5 wavelength and 0.7 wavelength.
(a) Plot the reflection coefficient magnitude and 2D and 3D radiation pattern for both inter-element spacings.
(b) Compare the results for two different inter-element spacings in terms of resonant frequency, maximum gain, beamwidth and sidelobe level, and explain the results.
- (a) Design a 8×1 patch antenna array with corporate feed network at 6 GHz with FR4 substrate and half wavelength inter-element spacing and plot the reflection coefficient magnitude and 2D and 3D radiation pattern. Explain the difference that you observe between phi=0 degree plane and phi=90 deg plane in radiation pattern.
(b) Design a 4×1 patch antenna array with corporate feed network at 6 GHz with FR4 substrate with half wavelength inter-element spacing and plot the reflection coefficient magnitude and 2D and 3D radiation pattern. Compare the performance with 8×1 patch antenna array of (a).
- Design a simple Discone antenna with 5 GHz as center frequency and plot the reflection coefficient magnitude and radiation pattern. Find out the difference between a quarter wave monopole with 5GHz resonant frequency (design not required) and the Discone antenna. Can you design an ultra-wide-band Discone (search internet)?
Sample Solution
Fifty-three patients had MRI preoperatively. In our practice we do not have in our routine ordering MRI for diagnosis confirmation of distal biceps tendon ruptures. 30 of 32 (94%) complete tears had been confirmed by MRI (two patients had partial tear diagnosis by MRI and post-op diagnosis of complete tear). 19 of 21 patients (90%) with partial tears had been confirmed by MRI (two patients had complete tear diagnosis by MRI and post-op diagnosis of partial tear). Thus, sensivity and specificity for MRI were 94% and 90% respectively. 2 patients with wrong preoperative MRI description of complete tears had absent hook test and absent resisted hook tests respectively – confirming the post-op diagnosis. 2 patients with partial tears with misleading diagnosis by MRI of complete tears had painful hook test and painful resisted hook tests respectively – confirming the post-op diagnosis. In the contralateral arms, which served as the normal control group, 61 of 62 (98%) had a normal hook test. One patient had ABSENT hook test on his contralateral extremity because he had spontaneous rupture 5 years earlier which was treated non operatively. We developed Algorithm that can guide clinical to diagnosing primary distal biceps tendon tears. Unhookable ABSENT hook test indicates that there is no tendon in antecubital fossa behind examiner can hook his finger. In that situation examiner should perform resisted hook test. If there is ABSENT resisted hook test it indicates that it is complete distal biceps tendon rupture. Hookable hook test with no pain reproduced suggests that the distal biceps tendon is INTACT. ABNORMAL (Painful and hookable) hook test is indication of partial tears. However if examiner perform hook test that is unhookable and afterwards perform resisted hook test which is hookable that strongly indicates partial tear of distal biceps tendon.>
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